Enhanced N-V interaction domains for the design of CLT shear wall based on coupled connections models

Abstract The present paper proposes some enhanced models, with different levels of accuracy, for the design of monolithic CLT shear wall based on the definition of reliable N-V interaction domain. The basic assumptions and the novelty aspects of the proposed models are presented. In particular, the adoption of an elastic-perfectly-plastic constitutive law for the timber instead of an elasto-brittle one and the accounting for the coupled axial-shear behavior of the connection elements to derive N-V interaction domains are critically discussed. Moreover, two different methods are adopted for the linearization procedure of the connection load-displacement response. Four of the proposed models are design oriented, two representing a lower bound (more suitable for practitioners), and two representing an upper bound. One more model is developed, which is research oriented and based on hybrid force-displacement approach. The reliability of the different models is investigated by means of numerical analyses exploiting the ultimate failure condition of the materials both in terms of strength and displacement capacity. Finally, the N-V domains for some CLT shear walls are presented and the impact of the different basic assumptions on the results are discussed in comparison with both experimental and numerical literature results.

[1]  Massimo Fragiacomo,et al.  “Capacity seismic design of X-LAM wall systems based on connection mechanical properties.” , 2013 .

[2]  R. Brandner,et al.  Cross laminated timber (CLT): overview and development , 2015, European Journal of Wood and Wood Products.

[3]  Gerhard Schickhofer,et al.  Multi-Storey Residential Buildings in CLT - Interdisciplinary Principles of Design and Construction , 2014 .

[4]  M. Fragiacomo,et al.  Investigating the Hysteretic Behavior of Cross-Laminated Timber Wall Systems due to Connections , 2018 .

[5]  C. Sandhaas,et al.  Numerical modelling of timber and timber joints: computational aspects , 2019, Wood Science and Technology.

[6]  Roberto Scotta,et al.  Experimentally based q -factor estimation of cross-laminated timber walls , 2016 .

[7]  John W. van de Lindt,et al.  Approximate R-Factor for Cross-Laminated Timber Walls in Multistory Buildings , 2013 .

[8]  Roberto Tomasi,et al.  Strength and stiffness of cross-laminated timber (CLT) shear walls: State-of-the-art of analytical approaches , 2019, Engineering Structures.

[9]  Roberto Scotta,et al.  Capacity design of traditional and innovative ductile connections for earthquake-resistant CLT structures , 2018, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering.

[10]  Michael F. Ashby,et al.  On the mechanics of balsa and other woods , 1982, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[11]  Daniele Casagrande,et al.  Seismic behaviour of Cross-Laminated Timber structures: A state-of-the-art review , 2018, Engineering Structures.

[12]  Bruno Dujic,et al.  Full-Scale Shaking-Table Tests of XLam Panel Systems and Numerical Verification: Specimen 1 , 2013 .

[13]  A. Thiel,et al.  CLTdesigner – A SOFTWARE TOOL FOR DESIGNING CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER ELEMENTS : 1 D-PLATE-DESIGN , 2010 .

[14]  Luca Pozza,et al.  Coupled axial-shear numerical model for CLT connections , 2017 .

[15]  James M. Ricles,et al.  Cross-Laminated Timber for Seismic Regions: Progress and Challenges for Research and Implementation , 2016 .

[16]  Hans Joachim Blaß,et al.  BSPhandbuch, Holz- Massivbauweise in Brettsperrholz. Nachweise auf Basis des neuen europäischen Normenkonzepts , 2009 .

[17]  Roberto Tomasi,et al.  Experimental Characterization of Monotonic and Cyclic Loading Responses of CLT Panel-To-Foundation Angle Bracket Connections , 2015 .

[18]  Lech Muszyński,et al.  FE analysis of CLT panel subjected to torsion and verified by DIC , 2015 .

[19]  Richard W. Furlong,et al.  Ultimate Strength of Square Columns Under Biaxially Eccentric Loads , 1961 .

[20]  M. Savoia,et al.  Axial – Shear interaction on CLT hold-down connections – Experimental investigation , 2018 .

[21]  C. Adalian,et al.  “WOOD MODEL” for the dynamic behaviour of wood in multiaxial compression , 2002, Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff.

[22]  Ivan Giongo,et al.  Mechanical characterization of a pre-fabricated connection system for cross laminated timber structures in seismic regions , 2017, Engineering Structures.

[24]  Ario Ceccotti,et al.  Cyclic Behavior of CLT Wall Systems: Experimental Tests and Analytical Prediction Models , 2015 .

[25]  M. Ramage,et al.  Lateral Load Resistance of Cross-laminated Timber Shear Walls , 2017 .

[26]  Massimo Fragiacomo,et al.  Seismic Analysis of Cross-Laminated Multistory Timber Buildings Using Code-Prescribed Methods: Influence of Panel Size, Connection Ductility, and Schematization , 2016 .

[27]  Roberto Scotta,et al.  Behaviour factor for innovative massive timber shear walls , 2015, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering.

[28]  Solomon Tesfamariam,et al.  Hysteresis behavior of bracket connection in cross-laminated-timber shear walls , 2013 .

[29]  F. Lam,et al.  Experimental test of coupling effect on CLT angle bracket connections , 2018, Engineering Structures.

[30]  Roberto Tomasi,et al.  Proposal of an analytical procedure and a simplified numerical model for elastic response of single-storey timber shear-walls , 2016 .

[31]  Luca Pozza,et al.  EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MODELLING APPROACHES ON THE PREDICTION OF THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF MULTI-STOREY CLT BUILDINGS , 2017 .

[32]  John W. van de Lindt,et al.  Simplified Direct Displacement Design of Six-Story Woodframe Building and Pretest Seismic Performance Assessment , 2010 .

[33]  Marco Savoia,et al.  Strategies for structural modelling of CLT panels under cyclic loading conditions , 2019, Engineering Structures.

[34]  Davide Trutalli,et al.  Seismic design of CLT Buildings: Definition of the suitable q-factor by numerical and experimental procedures , 2013 .

[35]  Karin Hofstetter,et al.  Structural design of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) by advanced plate theories , 2010 .

[36]  Massimo Fragiacomo,et al.  A novel method for non-linear design of CLT wall systems , 2017 .

[37]  T. Sartori,et al.  Capacity design approach for multi-storey timber-frame buildings , 2014 .

[38]  Stefanie E. Stanzl-Tschegg,et al.  Compressive behaviour of softwood under uniaxial loading at different orientations to the grain , 2001 .

[39]  Richard Sause,et al.  Experimental Investigation of Self-Centering Cross-Laminated Timber Walls , 2017 .

[40]  Thomas Tannert,et al.  Cross-Laminated Timber Shear Connections with Double-Angled Self-Tapping Screw Assemblies , 2016 .

[41]  Ario Ceccotti,et al.  Cyclic behaviour of typical metal connectors for cross-laminated (CLT) structures , 2015 .

[42]  Eivind Hognestad,et al.  A STUDY OF COMBINED BENDING AND AXIAL LOAD IN REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS; A REPORT OF AN INVESTIGATION CONDUCTED BY THE ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, UNDER AUSPICES OF THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION, THROUGH THE REINFORCED CONCRETE RESEARCH COUNCIL. , 1951 .

[43]  Claudio Amadio,et al.  A component approach for the hysteretic behaviour of connections in cross‐laminated wooden structures , 2013 .

[44]  Ario Ceccotti,et al.  A proposal for a standard procedure to establish the seismic behaviour factor q of timber buildings , 2010 .

[45]  Luca Pozza,et al.  An analytical formulation of q-factor for mid-rise CLT buildings based on parametric numerical analyses , 2017, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering.

[46]  J. D. Dolan,et al.  Analytical and Experimental Lateral-Load Response of Self-Centering Posttensioned CLT Walls , 2017 .

[47]  M. Savoia,et al.  Angle bracket connections for CLT structures: Experimental characterization and numerical modelling , 2018, Construction and Building Materials.

[48]  Massimo Fragiacomo,et al.  Elastic and ductile design of multi-storey crosslam massive wooden buildings under seismic actions , 2011 .