Treatment of polarization in laser remote sensing of ocean water.

We review existing experimental data and methods for calculating the Mueller matrix of ocean water for use as input in a simulation model applicable to laser remote sensing. Calculations of the Mueller matrix are made for scattering media of different refractive indices, shapes, and size distributions. Dependencies of the backscattering depolarization ratio as a function of the particle refractive index are presented, and we demonstrate the potential importance of polarization in bathymetric sensing.

[1]  Timofei V. Kondranin,et al.  Effectiveness of the polarization discrimination technique for underwater viewing systems , 1992, Optics & Photonics.

[2]  A. Hunt,et al.  Polarized‐light scattering studies of marine Chlorella , 1989 .

[3]  Gary Bryant,et al.  Improved Particle Size Distribution Measurements Using Multiangle Dynamic Light Scattering , 1995 .

[4]  S. Asano,et al.  Light scattering properties of spheroidal particles. , 1979, Applied optics.

[5]  W. Elliott,et al.  Two Instruments for Atmospheric Optics Measurements , 1960 .

[6]  D. Risović.  Two-component model of sea particle size distribution , 1993 .

[7]  H. Gordon,et al.  A THEORETICAL MODEL OF LIGHT SCATTERING BY SARGASSO SEA PARTICULATES1 , 1972 .

[8]  K. Abhyankar,et al.  Relations between the elements of the phase matrix for scattering , 1969 .

[9]  S. Asano,et al.  Light scattering by a spheroidal particle. , 1975, Applied optics.

[10]  B Billard,et al.  Remote sensing of scattering coefficient for airborne laser hydrography. , 1986, Applied optics.

[11]  P. Waterman.  Matrix formulation of electromagnetic scattering , 1965 .

[12]  M. Mishchenko,et al.  Reprint of: T-matrix computations of light scattering by nonspherical particles: a review , 1996 .

[13]  Michael I. Mishchenko,et al.  Light scattering by randomly oriented axially symmetric particles , 1991 .

[14]  H. Gordon,et al.  Interpretation of airborne oceanic lidar: effects of multiple scattering. , 1982, Applied optics.

[15]  Mary S. Quinby-Hunt,et al.  Coupled-dipole approximation: predicting scattering by nonspherical marine organisms , 1991, Optics & Photonics.

[16]  V. Farafonov,et al.  Light scattering by a core-mantle spheroidal particle. , 1996, Applied optics.

[17]  A J. Hunt,et al.  Effects Of Structure On Scattering From Marine Organisms: Rayleigh-Debye And Mie Predictions , 1988, Defense, Security, and Sensing.

[18]  J. Ronald V. Zaneveld,et al.  The determination of the index of refraction distribution of oceanic particulates , 1974 .

[19]  M. Mishchenko,et al.  Light scattering by polydispersions of randomly oriented spheroids with sizes comparable to wavelengths of observation. , 1994, Applied optics.

[20]  Mary S. Quinby-Hunt,et al.  Theoretical and experimental study of polarized light scattering by helices , 1992, Optics & Photonics.

[21]  Mary S. Quinby-Hunt,et al.  Circular polarization effects in the light scattering from single and suspensions of dinoflagellates , 1991, Optics & Photonics.

[22]  Larry D. Travis,et al.  Light scattering by nonspherical particles in the atmosphere: an overview , 1997 .

[23]  Mary S. Quinby-Hunt,et al.  Origin of the induced circular polarization in the light scattering from a dinoflagellate , 1990, Defense, Security, and Sensing.

[24]  G. Kattawar,et al.  Relationships between elements of the Stokes matrix. , 1981, Applied optics.

[25]  S. Morgan,et al.  Effects of polarization state and scatterer concentration on optical imaging through scattering media. , 1997, Applied optics.

[26]  M. Mishchenko,et al.  Light scattering by size-shape distributions of randomly oriented axially symmetric particles of a size comparable to a wavelength. , 1993, Applied optics.

[27]  A. C. Holland,et al.  The scattering of polarized light by polydisperse systems of irregular particles. , 1970, Applied optics.

[28]  C. Bohren,et al.  Backscattering by nonspherical particles : a review of methods and suggested new approaches , 1991 .

[29]  M. Kerker,et al.  Light scattering by inhomogeneous particles. , 1979, Applied optics.

[30]  M. F. Penny,et al.  Airborne estimation of sea turbidity parameters from the WRELADS laser airborne depth sounder. , 1986, Applied optics.

[31]  Larry D. Travis,et al.  T-matrix computations of light scattering by large spheroidal particles , 1994 .

[32]  J. Hearst,et al.  TOWARD A WORKING THEORY OF POLARIZED LIGHT SCATTERING FROM HELICES , 1994 .

[33]  P. Waterman,et al.  SYMMETRY, UNITARITY, AND GEOMETRY IN ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING. , 1971 .

[34]  Randall C. Thompson,et al.  Measurement of polarized light interactions via the Mueller matrix: errata. , 1980, Applied optics.

[35]  James C. Kitchen,et al.  The variation in the inherent optical properties of phytoplankton near an absorption peak as determined by various models of cell structure , 1995 .

[36]  M. F. Penny,et al.  Airborne laser hydrography in Australia. , 1986, Applied optics.

[37]  George F. Beardsley,et al.  Mueller Scattering Matrix of Sea Water , 1968 .

[38]  B. Carlson,et al.  Scattering of light by large nonspherical particles: ray-tracing approximation versus T-matrix method. , 1995, Optics letters.

[39]  A. Cohen,et al.  Scattering of linearly polarized light from randomly oriented cylinders and spheroids , 1985 .

[40]  Edward S. Fry,et al.  Measurement of the Mueller matrix for phytoplankton , 1985 .

[41]  Canicious Abeynayake,et al.  Improved particle size distribution measurements using multiangle dynamic light scattering. 2. Refinements and applications , 1996 .

[42]  S. Asano,et al.  Light scattering by randomly oriented spheroidal particles. , 1980, Applied optics.

[43]  E. Purcell,et al.  Scattering and Absorption of Light by Nonspherical Dielectric Grains , 1973 .

[44]  J Cariou,et al.  Polarization effects of seawater and underwater targets. , 1990, Applied optics.

[45]  E. Fry,et al.  Measurement of the Mueller matrix for ocean water. , 1984, Applied optics.

[46]  George W. Kattawar,et al.  Stokes vector calculations of the submarine light field in an atmosphere‐ocean with scattering according to a Rayleigh phase matrix: Effect of interface refractive index on radiance and polarization , 1989 .

[47]  H. Gordon,et al.  Two component mie scattering models of sargasso sea particles. , 1973, Applied optics.

[48]  Gary C. Salzman,et al.  Evaluation of the scattering matrix of an arbitrary particle using the coupled dipole approximation , 1986 .

[49]  K Lofftus,et al.  Immobilization Of Unicellular Marine Organisms For Optical Characterization: A New Method , 1988, Defense, Security, and Sensing.

[50]  A. Cohen,et al.  Asymmetry factors for randomly oriented infinite cylinders , 1985 .