Multiple pathways control cell growth and transformation: overlapping and independent activities of p53 and p21Cip1/WAF1/Sdi1

Many tumour therapies act by inducing a cellular damage response pathway mediated by the tumour suppressor protein p53. Alternative outcomes of p53 induction include apoptosis or transient cell‐cycle arrest, both thought to require the transcriptional activity of wild‐type p53. Current research highlights the action of a p53‐activated gene, p21Cip1/WAF1/Sdi1, which encodes a cyclin‐kinase inhibitor important in mediating p53‐dependent cell‐cycle arrest, while programmed cell death in response to DNA damage requires transcriptionally active p53 but not activation of p21Cip1/WAF1/Sdi1. This review examines the roles of p53 and p21Cip1/WAF1/Sdi1 in controlling cell proliferation, in the light of a new study on expression of p53 and p21 Cip1/WAF1/Sdi1 in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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