Intra-host competition and interactions between 'Soybean mosaic virus' (SMV) strains in mixed-infected soybean

Over the past two decades, the dominant Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) strain in South Korea has changed from G5 to G7H. To examine the dominance of G7H, intra-host competition between G7H and G5 was evaluated in soybean plants infected with a mixture of SMV strains. The distribution patterns of the two SMV strains in soybean plants inoculated with G7H, G5 and G7H/G5 were investigated at designated time points by RT-PCR/RFLP analysis, which enables the specific differentiation of low concentrations of SMV strains and the detection of mixed infection at any given time. When leaves of ‘Kwangankong’ and ‘Tawonkong’ were infected with both strains, the upper leaves had only the G7H strain in simultaneous infections. In sequential inoculations, the leaves exhibited mosaic symptoms caused by G7H, and the G5 strain was not detected in plants pre-inoculated with the G7H strain before inoculation with the G5 strain. In the reverse treatment, both G5 and G7H were present at every vegetative stage. In addition, interactions between the virulence and dominance of G7H, G5, and G1, a less virulent strain, were investigated. Three landrace soybeans were co-inoculated with G7H/G5, G7H/G1, G5/G1, and G7H/G5/G1 sets. There was no significant difference between virulence and dominance. These results demonstrate the dominance of G7H in mixed infections and could explain the prevalence of G7H in South Korea.

[1]  Jang-Kyun Seo,et al.  Mutational analysis of interaction between coat protein and helper component-proteinase of Soybean mosaic virus involved in aphid transmission. , 2010, Molecular plant pathology.

[2]  S. Elena,et al.  Mixed Infections of Pepino Mosaic Virus Strains Modulate the Evolutionary Dynamics of this Emergent Virus , 2009, Journal of Virology.

[3]  Jang-Kyun Seo,et al.  Infectious in vivo Transcripts from a Full-length Clone of Soybean mosaic virus Strain G5H , 2009 .

[4]  Alla Gagarinova,et al.  Recombination analysis of Soybean mosaic virus sequences reveals evidence of RNA recombination between distinct pathotypes , 2008, Virology Journal.

[5]  S. Tolin,et al.  Genomics of Viral–Soybean Interactions , 2008 .

[6]  V. Radchuk,et al.  Towards molecular breeding of durable soybean mosaic virus resistant soybeans. , 2008 .

[7]  Pengyin Chen,et al.  Soybean mosaic virus. , 2008 .

[8]  K. Hanley,et al.  Asymmetric competitive suppression between strains of dengue virus , 2008, BMC Microbiology.

[9]  D. Winstanley,et al.  Virulence and competitiveness of Cydia pomonella granulovirus mutants: parameters that do not match. , 2005, The Journal of general virology.

[10]  S. Tolin,et al.  Emergence of Rsv-resistance breaking Soybean mosaic virus isolates from Korean soybean cultivars. , 2005, Virus research.

[11]  Paul Becher,et al.  RNA Recombination In Vivo in the Absence of Viral Replication , 2004, Journal of Virology.

[12]  Yul-Ho Kim,et al.  Identification of Soybean mosaic virus Strains by RT-PCR/RFLP Analysis of Cylindrical Inclusion Coding Region. , 2004, Plant disease.

[13]  B. Harrison Virus variation in relation to resistance-breaking in plants , 2002, Euphytica.

[14]  이부영,et al.  Resistance to Heterologous Potyvirus in Nicotiana tabacum Expressingthe Coat Protein Gene of Soybean mosaic virus , 2004 .

[15]  Yul-Ho Kim,et al.  G7H, a New Soybean mosaic virus Strain: Its Virulence and Nucleotide Sequence of CI Gene. , 2003, Plant disease.

[16]  A. Read,et al.  The Ecology of Genetically Diverse Infections , 2001, Science.

[17]  S. Ghabrial,et al.  Soybean mosaic virus resistance improves productivity of double-cropped soybean , 1997 .

[18]  Y. Kosaka,et al.  Application of cross-protection to the control of black soybean mosaic disease , 1994 .

[19]  R. M. Goodman,et al.  STRAIN SPECIFICITY OF SOYBEAN MOSAIC VIRUS SEED TRANSMISSION IN SOYBEAN , 1991 .

[20]  H. Iwai,et al.  Multiplication, translocation and inactivation patterns of soybean mosaic virus strains B and D in soybean plants. , 1990 .

[21]  E. G. Niles,et al.  Superinfection exclusion of vaccinia virus in virus-infected cell cultures , 1990, Virology.

[22]  脇本 哲,et al.  Multiplication, translocation and inactivation patterns of soybean mosaic virus strains B and D in soybean plants. , 1990 .

[23]  D. Stark,et al.  The nucleotide sequence of a soybean mosaic virus coat protein-coding region and its expression in Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and tobacco callus. , 1989, The Journal of general virology.

[24]  M. E. Irwin Chapter 6 – ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF SOYBEAN MOSAIC VIRUS , 1981 .

[25]  M. E. Irwin,et al.  Soybean mosaic virus. , 1981 .

[26]  T. Tanaka,et al.  Studies on virus diseases and causal viruses of soybean in Japan. , 1980 .

[27]  R. M. Goodman,et al.  Strains of soybean mosaic virus: classification based on virulence in resistant soybean cultivars. , 1979 .

[28]  W. Fehr,et al.  Stage of Development Descriptions for Soybeans, Glycine Max (L.) Merrill , 1971 .

[29]  C. Michaelm RNA Recombination in Animal and Plant Viruses , 2022 .