Graphene oxide adsorbent based dispersive solid phase extraction coupled with multi-pretreatment clean-up for analysis of trace aflatoxins in traditional proprietary Chinese medicines.

Graphene oxide (GO)-based dispersive solid phase extraction (D-SPE) method combined with multi-step preparation has been proposed for the evaluation of trace aflatoxins in proprietary Chinese medicines (PCM). After being extracted by methanol, the sample was purified based on multi-step preparation, including dehydration with MgSO4/NaCl and cleanup with neutral alumina. Then GO was used as an adsorbent in D-SPE method for further preconcentration of aflatoxins prior to high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. The selected conditions were investigated. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize factors affecting adsorption procedure. Under the optimized conditions, good linear relationships had been achieved with the correlation coefficient (R2) varying from 0.9904 to 0.9990. The LODs and LOQs were ranging from 0.020 to 0.041ng/mL and 0.061 to 0.125ng/mL, respectively. The results of the recoveries were 74.0-102.7% for the four aflatoxins, while the precisions from 1.8% to 7.2% were obtained, which indicated that the method was suitable for the analysis of aflatoxins in PCM.

[1]  F. Ahmadi,et al.  Post-derivatization procedure for determination of hippuric acid after extraction by an automated micro solid phase extraction system and monitoring by gas chromatography. , 2009, Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.

[2]  E. Carasek,et al.  Novel analytical procedure using a combination of hollow fiber supported liquid membrane and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of aflatoxins in soybean juice by high performance liquid chromatography - Fluorescence detector. , 2016, Food chemistry.

[3]  H. Sereshti,et al.  Graphene oxide-based dispersive micro-solid phase extraction for separation and preconcentration of nicotine from biological and environmental water samples followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. , 2014, Talanta.

[4]  L. Arce,et al.  Combined use of supported liquid membrane and solid‐phase extraction to enhance selectivity and sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis for the determination of ochratoxin A in wine , 2008, Electrophoresis.

[5]  A. Douvalis,et al.  Zero-valent iron/iron oxide-oxyhydroxide/graphene as a magnetic sorbent for the enrichment of polychlorinated biphenyls, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and phthalates prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. , 2013, Journal of chromatography. A.

[6]  P. Sathishkumar,et al.  A sensitive, selective and rapid determination of lead(II) ions in real-life samples using an electrochemically reduced graphene oxide-graphite reinforced carbon electrode. , 2015, Talanta.

[7]  C. V. Van Peteghem,et al.  Approach for ochratoxin A fast screening in spices using clean-up tandem immunoassay columns with confirmation by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). , 2006, Analytica chimica acta.

[8]  Xiaohuan Zang,et al.  Graphene-based Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with Gas Chromatographic Method for Determination of Five Acetanilide Herbicides in Water and Green Tea Samples , 2013 .

[9]  Milena Zachariasova,et al.  A rugged high-throughput analytical approach for the determination and quantification of multiple mycotoxins in complex feed matrices. , 2014, Talanta.

[10]  Yongjiang Wu,et al.  Analysis of ochratoxin A and ochratoxin B in traditional Chinese medicines by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using [(13)C(20)]-ochratoxin A as an internal standard. , 2010, Journal of chromatography. A.

[11]  Sung-Hye Cho,et al.  Aflatoxins contamination in spices and processed spice products commercialized in Korea , 2008 .

[12]  Meihua Yang,et al.  Simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B(1) and ochratoxin A in licorice roots and fritillary bulbs by solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. , 2013, Food chemistry.

[13]  S. Haroutounian,et al.  Determination of mycotoxins in feedstuffs and ruminant's milk using an easy and simple LC-MS/MS multiresidue method. , 2014, Talanta.

[14]  S. K. Srivastava,et al.  Recent Advances in Preparation, Structure, Properties and Applications of Graphite Oxide. , 2015, Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

[15]  Gongke Li,et al.  Carboxylated graphene oxide/polyvinyl chloride as solid-phase extraction sorbent combined with ion chromatography for the determination of sulfonamides in cosmetics. , 2015, Analytica chimica acta.

[16]  Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares,et al.  Multiclass mycotoxin analysis in Silybum marianum by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using a procedure based on QuEChERS and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. , 2013, Journal of chromatography. A.

[17]  Rudolf Krska,et al.  Mycotoxin analysis: An update , 2008, Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment.

[18]  Daohong Zhang,et al.  A high selective immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of aflatoxin B₁. , 2011, Talanta.

[19]  Peiwu Li,et al.  Graphene oxide: an adsorbent for the extraction and quantification of aflatoxins in peanuts by high-performance liquid chromatography. , 2013, Journal of chromatography. A.

[20]  L. Gámiz-Gracia,et al.  Determination of ochratoxin A in wines by capillary liquid chromatography with laser induced fluorescence detection using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. , 2012, Food chemistry.

[21]  S. Jinap,et al.  Assessment of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in breakfast cereals. , 2014, Food chemistry.

[22]  Xiaoyan Liu,et al.  Development of hyperbranched polymers with non-covalent interactions for extraction and determination of aflatoxins in cereal samples. , 2013, Analytica chimica acta.

[23]  Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares,et al.  A new approach in sample treatment combined with UHPLC-MS/MS for the determination of multiclass mycotoxins in edible nuts and seeds. , 2013, Talanta.

[24]  Yongjiang Wu,et al.  Simultaneous determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, M1 and M2 in peanuts and their derivative products by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. , 2010, Analytica chimica acta.

[25]  Bo Liu,et al.  Graphene-based materials: fabrication and application for adsorption in analytical chemistry. , 2014, Journal of chromatography. A.

[26]  Yongfa Zhu,et al.  Graphene oxide bound silica for solid-phase extraction of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mainstream cigarette smoke. , 2015, Journal of chromatography. A.