Scenario-Based Training on Human Errors Contributing to Security Incidents

Error assessment studies reveal that ''human errors'' are often the consequence of unsuitable environmental factors, ineffective systems, inappropriate task conditions, and individual actions or failures to act. The US Department of Energy (DOE) initiated a program to determine if system-induced human errors could also be contributing factors to security incidents. As the seminal basis for this work, the Enhanced Security Through Human Error Reduction (ESTHER) program at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) produced a contributing factors data set and systems categorization for security related incidents attributed to human error. This material supports the development and delivery of training for security incident inquiry officials. While LANL's initial work focused on classroom training, a collaborative effort between LANL and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has focused on delivering interactive e-Learning training applications based on ESTHER principles. Through training, inquiry officials will understand and be capable of applying the underlying human error control concepts to new or novel situations. Their performance requires a high degree of analysis and judgment to accomplish the associated cognitive and procedural tasks. To meet this requirement, we employed cognitive principles of instructional design to engage the learner in interactive, realistic, problem-centered activity; we constructed scenarios within a guided-discoverymore » framework; and we utilized learner-centered developmental sequences leading to field application. To enhance the relevance and realism of the training experience, we employed 3-D modeling technologies in constructing interactive scenarios. This paper describes the application of cognitive learning principles, use of varied media, and the implementation challenges in developing a technology-rich, interactive security incident training program that includes Web-based training.« less