Wpływ przezczaszkowej stymulacji prądem stałym na funkcjonowanie poznawcze chorych po uszkodzeniu mózgu

Streszczenie Nastepstwa kliniczne uszkodzen mozgu nie są jedynie wynikiem samego uszkodzenia, ale tez efektem dynamicznych zmian aktywacyjnych zachodzących w naruszonych sieciach neuronalnych, ktore to zmiany mogą byc malo adaptacyjne. Przezczaszkowa stymulacja prądem stalym ( transcranial direct current stimulation – tDCS), dostarczając do kory mozgowej slaby polaryzujący prąd staly, sluzy modulowaniu wzbudzenia korowego. Charakter zmiany korowej zalezy od biegunowości elektrod: stymulacja anodowa zwieksza wzbudzenie i spontaniczną aktywnośc korową, a stymulacja katodowa redukuje je. Udowodniono, ze modulacji korowej powodowanej tDCS towarzyszą zmiany wskaźnikow poznawczych. W wiekszości analizowanych dotąd schematow badawczych, wzrost wzbudzenia wywolany stymulacją anodową korzystnie wplywal na procesy uczenia sie i zapamietywania, uwage i zdolności jezykowe. W tym kontekście tDCS jawi sie jako obiecująca metoda usprawniania poznawczego pacjentow z roznymi chorobami neurologicznymi, m.in. z udarem mozgu i schorzeniami neurodegeneracyjnymi. Wystawienie mozgu na dzialanie prądu stalego moze pomoc w swoistym i wybiorczym wzmacnianiu adaptacyjnych wzorcow aktywacji, tlumieniu wzorcow nieadaptacyjnych i rownowazeniu miedzypolkulowych interakcji aktywacyjnych.

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