Characteristics of a new all-vanadium redox flow battery

Abstract The construction and performance of an all-vanadium redox flow system is described. The battery employs vanadyl sulphate in sulphuric acid solution as the electrolyte, carbon felt as the electrode material, and an ion-selective membrane as the separator. Working parameters, storage life, and a comparison of the characteristics with other battery systems are also presented. The cost of manufacture of a 1 kW battery of 5 kW h, 15 kW h, or 50 kW h capacity has been evaluated and the practical application of the system in large stationary installations and electric vehicles is also discussed.