Concentration polarization and solute-membrane interactions affecting pressure driven membrane processes

Abstract Concentration polarization phenomena can today be well described in a first approximation by the analytical models present in the literature. However when working with multicomponent solutions, containing for example also very small quantities of colloids, or with protein solutions, additional phenomena are present which must be taken into account for a correct prediction of the process performances. Some of these effects have been discussed in this paper, which show also the possibility of using concentration polarization effects for forming dynamic enzymatic membranes on the pressurized face of the ultrafiltration membranes.