Liner-Medium Interaction in Tunnels

Results from a number of elastic finite element solutions for determination of forces and deformations in tunnel liners are presented. The effect on forces and deformations in the liner of the properties of the medium, loading conditions, and the extension of the tunnel longitudinally are examined. Several loadings were assumed in the solutions. The results indicate that small absolute values of the coefficients of moment, shear, and deflection are obtained irrespective of the loading condition assumed.