Multi-objective vs. single-objective calibration of a hydrologic model using single- and multi-objective screening

Hydrologic models are traditionally calibrated against discharge. Recent studies have shown however, that only a few global model parameters are constrained using the integral discharge measurements. It is therefore advisable to use additional information to calibrate those models. Signatures focused on low flows, for example, could improve the parametrization of baseflow processes, which might be underrepresented when using only discharge. A common approach is to combine these multiple objectives into one single objective function and allow the use of a single-objective (SO) algorithm. Another strategy is to consider the different objectives separately and apply a multi-objective (MO) algorithm. Both methods are challenging in the choice of appropriate multiple objectives for calibration.