Resuscitation After Aspiration of Chlorinated Fresh Water

THE PROBLEM OF DROWNING is formidable, accounting for 7,000 deaths per year in the US,1500 deaths per year in Australia,2and 1,474 deaths per year in England and Wales.3Numerous reports have been published of the physiological changes that occur after aspiration of fresh and sea water by animals,4-20but reports on the effects of aspiration of water by man have been confined for the most part to findings at autopsy21-23except for isolated clinical cases.24-27With the increasing popularity of swimming pools containing chemically treated water, another type of drowning, which may differ in character from both fresh-and sea-water drowning, is now presenting itself, ie, drowning after the aspiration of chlorinated fresh water. In contrast to the common history of panic and struggling28which precede the hypoxia, hypercapnia, unconsciousness, and aspiration which are usually associated with drowning, histories of

[1]  Middleton Kr.  Cardiac arrest induced by drowning: attempted resuscitation by external and internal cardiac massage. , 1962 .

[2]  H. Colebatch,et al.  Ventilation and circulation after fluid aspiration. , 1962, Journal of applied physiology.

[3]  P. Safar,et al.  Resuscitation from drowning. , 1961, JAMA.

[4]  J. Redding,et al.  Restoration of circulation after fresh water drowning. , 1961, Journal of applied physiology.

[5]  Davis Jh.  Fatal underwater breath holding in trained swimmers. , 1961 .

[6]  H. Colebatch,et al.  Lung mechanics and resuscitation after fluid aspiration. , 1961, Journal of applied physiology.

[7]  W. Bannister,et al.  THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS OF ASPIRATION PNEUMONITIS IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS , 1961, Anesthesiology.

[8]  A. B. Craig.  Underwater swimming and loss of consciousness. , 1961, JAMA.

[9]  D. Halmagyi.  Lung changes and incidence of respiratory arrest in rats after aspiration of sea and fresh water. , 1961, Journal of applied physiology.

[10]  A. S. Gordon.  Drowning phenomena in various species. , 1961, Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[11]  P. Safar.  Resuscitation following fresh-water or sea-water aspiration. , 1961, Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[12]  P. Safar,et al.  TREATMENT OF SEA‐WATER ASPIRATION , 1960 .

[13]  D. Greene,et al.  Resuscitation of drowning victims. , 1960, JAMA.

[14]  Courville Cb.  Anoxic changes in the brain after prolonged immersion. Report of case with survival for nineteen days. , 1960 .

[15]  P. Safar,et al.  Drowning treated with intermittent positive pressure breathing. , 1960, Journal of applied physiology.

[16]  A. Haukebø.  [Treatment of drowning]. , 1960, Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke.

[17]  Swann He.  Occurrence of pulmonary edema in sudden asphyxial deaths. , 1960 .

[18]  G. den Otter,et al.  Investigations on the cause of death in fresh water drowning. , 1960, Acta physiologica et pharmacologica Neerlandica.

[19]  Chisholm Di.  Resuscitation in general practice. , 1959 .

[20]  J O ELAM,et al.  A comparison of the mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to-airway methods of artificial respiration with the chest-pressure arm-lift methods. , 1958, The New England journal of medicine.

[21]  E. Trethewie.  Cardio-vascular effects in drowning. , 1958, Cardiologia.

[22]  Shaw Cc,et al.  On death by drowning. , 1956 .

[23]  H. G. Swann.  Mechanism of Circulatory Failure in Fresh and Sea Water Drowning , 1956, Circulation research.

[24]  Courville Cb.  Case studies in cerebral anoxia. X. Effects of drowning on the brain observed after survival for six days. , 1955 .

[25]  T. Haddy,et al.  Acute pulmonary edema due to near-drowning in fresh water; case report. , 1954, The Journal of pediatrics.

[26]  H. G. Swann.  THE PRINCIPLES OF RESUSCITATION , 1953, Anesthesiology.

[27]  P. V. Karpovich,et al.  Ineffectiveness of artificial respiration in rats after drowning. , 1953, Journal of applied physiology.

[28]  H. G. Swann,et al.  Body salt and water changes during fresh and sea water drowning. , 1951, Texas reports on biology and medicine.

[29]  C. G. Martin,et al.  Resuscitation of dogs from fresh water drowning. , 1951, Journal of applied physiology.

[30]  L. J. Menville,et al.  Radiographic changes in the lungs during recovery from drowning. , 1950, Radiology.

[31]  M. Brucer,et al.  The cardiorespiratory and biochemical events during rapid anoxic death; progressive anoxia. , 1949, Texas reports on biology and medicine.