A TCAD system for VLSI implementation of the CVD process using VHDL

Technology computer-aided design (TCAD) is essential for the design of modern integrated circuit fabrication processes. TCAD tools must not only model real processes accurately, to allow predictive simulation during technology research and development, but must work together as an integrated system to allow efficient exploration of new technology options and to perform numerical experiments. Cellular automata (CAs) have been applied successfully to the simulation of several physical systems and processes, and have been extensively used as VLSI architecture. This paper describes a TCAD system for the simulation of the two-dimensional (2-D) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The TCAD system is fully automated and is also able to support, the hardware implementation of the corresponding CA algorithm, leading to its execution by dedicated parallel processor. The obtained simulation profiles of the CVD process are in very good qualitative agreement with experimental and simulation results found in the literature. The proposed system produces as output the corresponding VHDL code, which leads to the very large-scale integrated (VLSI) implementation of the CA algorithm. Furthermore, a user-friendly interface that enables easy and effective interaction between the user and the TCAD system has been developed. No prior knowledge of VHDL is required by the user. The produced VHDL code is synthesizable and can be used for the automated design of the corresponding VLSI system, using a commercial VLSI CAD system.

[1]  Richard J. Gaylord,et al.  Modeling Nature: Cellular Automata Simulations with Mathematica® , 1996 .

[2]  G. Sirakoulis,et al.  A cellular automaton model for the effects of population movement and vaccination on epidemic propagation , 2000 .

[3]  T. A. York,et al.  Three-dimensional cellular automata and VLSI applications , 1989 .

[4]  H. de Garis CAM-Brain: the genetic programming of an artificial brain which grows/evolves at electronic speeds in a cellular automata machine , 1994, Proceedings of the First IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation. IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence.

[5]  B. S. Bold An industrial perspective of technology CAD for advanced CMOS technologies , 1996 .

[6]  Santanu Chattopadhyay,et al.  Additive cellular automata : theory and applications , 1997 .

[7]  S. Wolfram Statistical mechanics of cellular automata , 1983 .

[8]  Ioannis G. Karafyllidis,et al.  Simulation of two-dimensional photoresist etching process in integrated circuit fabrication using cellular automata , 1995 .

[9]  Krishna C. Saraswat,et al.  Optimization of intermetal dielectric deposition module using simulation , 1995 .

[10]  R. Feynman Simulating physics with computers , 1999 .

[11]  Ioannis G. Karafyllidis,et al.  A model for predicting forest fire spreading using cellular automata , 1997 .

[12]  M. Redford,et al.  Analysis of mixed-signal manufacturability with statistical technology CAD (TCAD) , 1996 .

[13]  Koppolu Sasidhar,et al.  CAA Decoder for Cellular Automata Based Byte Error Correcting Code , 1996, IEEE Trans. Computers.

[14]  Howard C. Card,et al.  Cellular automata-based pseudorandom number generators for built-in self-test , 1989, IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst..

[15]  Ioannis G. Karafyllidis,et al.  Study of the effects of photoresist surface roughness and defects on developed profiles , 2000 .

[16]  Ioannis G. Karafyllidis,et al.  Simulation of deposition-topography granular distortion for TCAD , 1998 .

[17]  Robert W. Dutton,et al.  Heterogeneous process simulation tool integration , 1996 .

[18]  Panagiotis Tzionas,et al.  A new, cellular automaton-based, nearest neighbor pattern classifier and its VLSI implementation , 1994, IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. Syst..

[19]  Robert W. Dutton,et al.  Robust, stable, and accurate boundary movement for physical etching and deposition simulation , 1997 .

[20]  Ioannis G. Karafyllidis,et al.  Study of lithography profiles developed on non-planar Si surfaces , 1999 .

[21]  Georgios Ch. Sirakoulis,et al.  A cellular automaton methodology for the simulation of integrated circuit fabrication processes , 2002, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[22]  Ronald C. Arkin,et al.  Intelligent Robotic Systems , 1995, IEEE Expert.

[23]  Masato Ikegawa,et al.  Deposition Profile Simulation Using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method , 1989 .

[24]  J. Sethian Curvature and the evolution of fronts , 1985 .

[25]  H. Chen,et al.  Theory of multicolor lattice gas: a cellular automaton Poisson solver , 1990 .

[26]  Ioannis G. Karafyllidis,et al.  Study of the effect of non-planarity and defects on the geometrical accuracy of semiconductor surface structures using a CA_TCAD system , 2001 .

[27]  Ioannis G. Karafyllidis,et al.  A new simulator for the oxidation process in integrated circuit fabrication based on cellular automata , 1999 .

[28]  S. Tazawa,et al.  A general characterization and simulation method for deposition and etching technology , 1992 .

[29]  Ioannis G. Karafyllidis,et al.  A model for electrical tree growth in solid insulating materials using cellular automata , 1996, Conference Record of the 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation.

[30]  A. M. Bruning,et al.  Simulation of electrical tree growth in solid insulating materials , 1998 .

[31]  Tommaso Toffoli,et al.  Cellular Automata as an Alternative to (Rather than an Approximation of) Differential Equations in M , 1984 .

[32]  Ioannis G. Karafyllidis,et al.  A methodology for VLSI implementation of Cellular Automata algorithms using VHDL , 2001 .

[33]  Seth Copen Goldstein,et al.  Programmable Matter , 2005, Computer.

[34]  Bialynicki-Birula Weyl, Dirac, and Maxwell equations on a lattice as unitary cellular automata. , 1994, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.

[35]  S. Omohundro Modelling cellular automata with partial differential equations , 1984 .

[36]  李幼升,et al.  Ph , 1989 .

[37]  G. Vichniac Simulating physics with cellular automata , 1984 .

[38]  Tommaso Toffoli,et al.  CAM: A high-performance cellular-automaton machine , 1984 .

[39]  Tommaso Toffoli,et al.  Programmable Matter: Concepts and Realization , 1991, Int. J. High Speed Comput..

[40]  Parimal Pal Chaudhuri,et al.  CA-Based Byte Error-Correcting Code , 1995, IEEE Trans. Computers.

[41]  Ernst Rank,et al.  An Improved Cellular Automaton Model for Traffic Flow Simulation , 1996 .

[42]  Ioannis G. Karafyllidis,et al.  An efficient photoresist development simulator based on cellular automata with experimental verification , 2000 .

[43]  John T. Yates,et al.  Thermal‐ and electron‐stimulated chemistry of a cyclotriphosphazene lubricant on a magnetic disk with a hard carbon overcoat , 1995 .

[44]  Ioannis G. Karafyllidis,et al.  Simulation of electrical tree growth in solid dielectrics containing voids of arbitrary shape , 1996 .

[45]  Bastien Chopard,et al.  Cellular automata model for the diffusion equation , 1991 .

[46]  Ioannis Andreadis,et al.  A new hardware module for automated visual inspection based on a cellular automaton architecture , 1996, J. Intell. Robotic Syst..

[47]  Ioannis G. Karafyllidis,et al.  A TCAD tool for the simulation of the CVD process based on cellular automata , 2001 .

[48]  M. Meyyappan,et al.  Computational Modeling in Semiconductor Processing , 1994 .

[49]  Rocco Rongo,et al.  A parallel cellular tool for interactive modeling and simulation , 1996 .

[50]  A. Thanailakis,et al.  Pseudorandom number generators for VLSI systems based on linear cellular automata , 1991 .

[51]  John von Neumann,et al.  Theory Of Self Reproducing Automata , 1967 .

[52]  Anthony J. Walton,et al.  Total TCAD strategy for DFM in IC technology development , 1997 .

[53]  Bastien Chopard,et al.  Cellular Automata Modeling of Physical Systems: Index , 1998 .

[54]  Panagiotis Tzionas,et al.  A cellular automaton for the determination of the mean velocity of moving objects and its VLSI implementation , 1996, Pattern Recognit..

[55]  Howard C. Card,et al.  Group Properties of Cellular Automata and VLSI Applications , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Computers.