Distributed alpha networks underlie individual differences in memory performance

Episodic memory, our ability to remember specific events, varies considerably across individuals. However, little is known about the neural basis of this variability. To address this issue, we investigated the role of distributed networks of oscillatory activity, as measured through electroencephalography (EEG). We observed that individual differences in alpha network structure reliably predict individual memory capacity. Specifically, individuals whose network profiles during encoding were most different from their resting state networks exhibited greatest subsequent memory performance, suggesting that optimal information processing requires substantial shifts in large-scale oscillatory organization. Furthermore, these results were not observed in circumscribed topographical regions or individual connections, indicating that distributed network approaches were more sensitive to functional processes than more conventional methods. These findings uncover a physiological correlate of individual differences in episodic memory and demonstrate the utility of multivariate EEG techniques to uncover brain-behavior correlates.