Synthetic aperture radar for an autonomous cryobot for subsurface exploration of Europa

In this paper a forward-looking synthetic aperture radar (IceSAR) system is described for the `Very deep Autonomous Laser-powered Kilowatt-class Yo-yoing Robotic Ice explorer' (VALKYRIE) project. Fabrication and laboratory characterization of novel log periodic antennas for IceSAR and system design and in situ testing of the synthetic aperture radar system are presented.