How the Special Needs Brain Learns

List of Strategies to Consider About the Author Preface to the Second Edition Acknowledgements Introduction Who Are Special Needs Students? Can Brain Research Help? What Is in This Book? A Word of Caution 1. The Brain and Learning Some Exterior Parts of the Brain Lobes of the Brain Motor Cortex and Somatosensory Cortex Cerebellum Some Interior Parts of the Brain Brainstem Limbic Area Cerebrum Brain Cells Learning and Retention Implications for Students With Learning Disabilities Rehearsal Learning Motor Skills How Different Are the Brains of Today's Students? The Search for Novelty Have Schools Changed to Deal With This Different Brain? 2. When Learning Difficulties Arise Research Examines Learning Disabilities Possible Causes of Learning Disabilities Gender Differences What Forms of Instruction Are Most Effective? Misconceptions About Learning Disabilities Gifted Children With Learning Disabilities Responsiveness to Intervention Key Elements of Responsiveness to Intervention Helping Students Become Strategic Learners What Is Learning? Learning Difficulties of Students With Learning Disabilities What Are Learning Strategies? How Important Is Self-Esteem? 3. Attention Disorders Research Findings What Is Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)? What Causes ADHD? Is ADHD Inherited? IS ADHD on the Increase? Is it Possible to Have ADHD-Like Behavior and Not Have ADHD? The Future of ADHD Research and Treatment What Educators Need to Consider 4. Speech Disabilities Learning Spoken Language Is Language Prewired in the Brain? Speech and Language Patterns by Age Putting the Language Components Together Problems in Learning Spoken Language Language Problems With Children and Adolescents Language Deficits and Learning a Second Language The Future of Speech-Language Disorders Research What Educators Need to Consider 5. Reading Disabilities Learning to Read Is Reading a Natural Ability? Spoken Language and Reading Decoding and Comprehension Difficulties in Learning to Read Social and Cultural Causes of Reading Problems Physical Causes of Reading Problems Is Dyslexia Present in Readers of Other Languages? Brain Imaging Studies and Dyslexia Detecting Reading Problems Spoken Language Difficulties Early Indicators of Reading Problems What Educators Need to Consider What Teachers Should Know About Teaching Reading What Beginning Readers Need to Learn Some Effective Reading Intervention Programs 6. Writing Disabilities Learning to Write Difficulties in Writing Environmental Causes Neurological Causes Dysgraphia What Educators Need to Consider Characterisitics of Good Writing Helping Students With Dysgraphia 7. Mathematical Disabilities Learning to Calculate Numerical Reasoning Independent of Language Gender Differences in Mathematics Difficulties in Mathematics Dyscalculia The Future of Research in Mathematics Disorders What Educators Need to Consider Determining the Source of the Problem Diagnostic Tools for Assessing Learning Difficulties in Mathematics Other Considerations 8. Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Emotions, Behavior, and Learning Pathways of Emotional Signals Different Brain Areas for Different Emotions First Survival and Emotions, Then the Textbook Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Anxiety Disorders Depressive Disorders Other Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Impact of Childhood Abuse The Future of Research in Emotional and Behavioral Disorders What Educators Need to Consider 9. Autism Spectrum Disorders Pervasive Developmental Disorders Autism Spectrum Disorders The Future of Research on Autism Spectrum Disorders What Educators Need to Consider 10. Putting It All Together Helping Students With Learning Difficulties Identifying Students With Learning Difficulties Accommodating Students With Learning Difficulties Motivating Students With Learning Difficulties Communicating With Parents Glossary References Resources Index