A survey of trust, trustworthiness and trustworthy computing: concepts, models and challenges

With the fast development of large-scale Internet-based systems and their penetration into every human life activity, trust, trustworthiness and trustworthy computing have become cross-cutting features of all such systems being business, e-commerce, social networking, collaborative systems, etc. Indeed, users'activity in Internet-based systems each time raises more concerns of trust while interacting through and with such systems. The expectations of users, clients, costumers as well as of the communication and collaboration at large scale are based on the premise of trust as a cornerstone of secure, reliable, privacy preserving and integrity of Internet-based systems. While trust and security go hand-by-hand, trust however is very much related to users' experiences and perceptions on system's performance, reliability and privacy. Unfortunately, many recent cases from development of large-scale systems, especially from social networking and from big corporates, have shown important breaches and vulnerabilities causing a devastating effect on users' trust. In this chapter, we survey most relevant concepts and models for trust, trustworthiness and trustworthy computing and discuss their various forms in business, e-commerce, social networking, etc. We identify main factors that determine trust, trustworthiness and trustworthy computing as well as major research challenges in the field. We also briefly discuss how Blockchain is shaping trust in new Internet-based systems. Current efforts by research community to address them are discussed and new research directions envisaged.