CeNDR, the Caenorhabditis elegans natural diversity resource

Studies in model organisms have yielded considerable insights into the etiology of disease and our understanding of evolutionary processes. Caenorhabditis elegans is among the most powerful model organisms used to understand biology. However, C. elegans is not used as extensively as other model organisms to investigate how natural variation shapes traits, especially through the use of genome-wide association (GWA) analyses. Here, we introduce a new platform, the C. elegans Natural Diversity Resource (CeNDR) to enable statistical genetics and genomics studies of C. elegans and to connect the results to human disease. CeNDR provides the research community with wild strains, genome-wide sequence and variant data for every strain, and a GWA mapping portal for studying natural variation in C. elegans. Additionally, researchers outside of the C. elegans community can benefit from public mappings and integrated tools for comparative analyses. CeNDR uses several databases that are continually updated through the addition of new strains, sequencing data, and association mapping results. The CeNDR data are accessible through a freely available web portal located at http://www.elegansvariation.org or through an application programming interface.

[1]  Gonçalo R. Abecasis,et al.  The variant call format and VCFtools , 2011, Bioinform..

[2]  Hadley Wickham,et al.  ggplot2 - Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis (2nd Edition) , 2017 .

[3]  L. B. Snoek,et al.  The laboratory domestication of Caenorhabditis elegans. , 2015, Trends in genetics : TIG.

[4]  G. Hong,et al.  Nucleic Acids Research , 2015, Nucleic Acids Research.

[5]  L. Kruglyak,et al.  Natural Variation in a Chloride Channel Subunit Confers Avermectin Resistance in C. elegans , 2012, Science.

[6]  H. Horvitz,et al.  Caenorhabditis elegans ras gene let-60 acts as a switch in the pathway of vulval induction , 1990, Nature.

[7]  J. Hodgkin,et al.  Natural variation and copulatory plug formation in Caenorhabditis elegans. , 1997, Genetics.

[8]  M. Chalfie,et al.  A Transparent Window into Biology: A Primer on Caenorhabditis elegans , 2015, Genetics.

[9]  Eleazar Eskin,et al.  A high-resolution association mapping panel for the dissection of complex traits in mice. , 2010, Genome research.

[10]  A. Fire,et al.  Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans , 1998, Nature.

[11]  I. Ruvinsky,et al.  Pervasive Divergence of Transcriptional Gene Regulation in Caenorhabditis Nematodes , 2014, PLoS genetics.

[12]  S. Brenner,et al.  The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. , 1986, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[13]  D. Heckerman,et al.  Efficient Control of Population Structure in Model Organism Association Mapping , 2008, Genetics.

[14]  J. Sulston,et al.  The embryonic cell lineage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. , 1983, Developmental biology.

[15]  J. Sese,et al.  Sequencing of the genus Arabidopsis identifies a complex history of nonbifurcating speciation and abundant trans-specific polymorphism , 2016, Nature Genetics.

[16]  Andrew Smith Genome sequence of the nematode C-elegans: A platform for investigating biology , 1998 .

[17]  L. Kruglyak,et al.  Recombinational Landscape and Population Genomics of Caenorhabditis elegans , 2009, PLoS genetics.

[18]  B. LeBoeuf,et al.  Diversity in Mating Behavior of Hermaphroditic and Male–Female Caenorhabditis Nematodes , 2007, Genetics.

[19]  R. Gibbs,et al.  Natural variation in genome architecture among 205 Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel lines. , 2014, Genome research.

[20]  Evan Z. Macosko,et al.  Quantitative Mapping of a Digenic Behavioral Trait Implicates Globin Variation in C. elegans Sensory Behaviors , 2009, Neuron.

[21]  Brian T. Lee,et al.  The UCSC Genome Browser database: 2015 update , 2014, Nucleic Acids Res..

[22]  Leonid Kruglyak,et al.  Chromosome-scale selective sweeps shape Caenorhabditis elegans genomic diversity , 2011, Nature Genetics.

[23]  D. Pilgrim,et al.  Genetic flexibility in the convergent evolution of hermaphroditism in Caenorhabditis nematodes. , 2006, Developmental cell.

[24]  Colin D. Meiklejohn,et al.  Sex-Dependent Gene Expression and Evolution of the Drosophila Transcriptome , 2003, Science.

[25]  Z. Weng,et al.  Comparative functional characterization of the CSR-1 22G-RNA pathway in Caenorhabditis nematodes , 2014, Nucleic acids research.

[26]  Jason H. Moore,et al.  Chapter 11: Genome-Wide Association Studies , 2012, PLoS Comput. Biol..

[27]  M. de Bono,et al.  Evolution of sex determination in caenorhabditis: unusually high divergence of tra-1 and its functional consequences. , 1996, Genetics.

[28]  Jeffrey B. Endelman,et al.  Ridge Regression and Other Kernels for Genomic Selection with R Package rrBLUP , 2011 .

[29]  F. Tajima Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. , 1989, Genetics.

[30]  K. Pollard,et al.  Detection of nonneutral substitution rates on mammalian phylogenies. , 2010, Genome research.

[31]  Kevin R. Thornton,et al.  The Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel , 2012, Nature.

[32]  R.,et al.  Natural Variation and Copulatory Plug Formation in Caenorhabditis eleguns , 2002 .

[33]  Itai Yanai,et al.  Comparison of diverse developmental transcriptomes reveals that coexpression of gene neighbors is not evolutionarily conserved. , 2009, Genome research.

[34]  Dirk Walther,et al.  Matapax: An Online High-Throughput Genome-Wide Association Study Pipeline[C][W][OA] , 2012, Plant Physiology.

[35]  Tanya Z. Berardini,et al.  The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR): improved gene annotation and new tools , 2011, Nucleic Acids Res..

[36]  M. Félix,et al.  Insights Into Species Divergence and the Evolution of Hermaphroditism From Fertile Interspecies Hybrids of Caenorhabditis Nematodes , 2010, Genetics.

[37]  Marie-Anne Félix,et al.  High Local Genetic Diversity and Low Outcrossing Rate in Caenorhabditis elegans Natural Populations , 2005, Current Biology.

[38]  Christian Frøkjær-Jensen Exciting Prospects for Precise Engineering of Caenorhabditis elegans Genomes with CRISPR/Cas9 , 2013, Genetics.

[39]  M. Félix,et al.  The natural history of Caenorhabditis elegans , 2010, Current Biology.

[40]  Richard Durbin,et al.  Sequence analysis Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows – Wheeler transform , 2009 .

[41]  D. Haussler,et al.  Evolutionarily conserved elements in vertebrate, insect, worm, and yeast genomes. , 2005, Genome research.

[42]  Melanie A. Huntley,et al.  Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny , 2007, Nature.

[43]  Gonçalo R. Abecasis,et al.  The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools , 2009, Bioinform..

[44]  Kimberly Van Auken,et al.  WormBase 2016: expanding to enable helminth genomic research , 2015, Nucleic Acids Res..

[45]  Wouter Houthoofd,et al.  The embryonic cell lineage of the nematode Halicephalobus gingivalis (Nematoda: Cephalobina: Panagrolaimoidea) , 2007 .

[46]  Daniel E. Cook,et al.  The Genetic Basis of Natural Variation in Caenorhabditis elegans Telomere Length , 2016, Genetics.

[47]  M. Félix,et al.  C. elegans outside the Petri dish , 2015, eLife.

[48]  W. Wood The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , 1988 .

[49]  D. Hirsh,et al.  The postembryonic cell lineages of the hermaphrodite and male gonads in Caenorhabditis elegans. , 1979, Developmental biology.

[50]  H. Schulenburg,et al.  Evolutionary history of Caenorhabditis elegans inferred from microsatellites: evidence for spatial and temporal genetic differentiation and the occurrence of outbreeding. , 2004, Molecular biology and evolution.

[51]  Bjarni J. Vilhjálmsson,et al.  GWAPP: A Web Application for Genome-Wide Association Mapping in Arabidopsis[W][OA] , 2012, Plant Cell.

[52]  François Schiettecatte,et al.  OMIM.org: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM®), an online catalog of human genes and genetic disorders , 2014, Nucleic Acids Res..

[53]  Heng Li,et al.  A statistical framework for SNP calling, mutation discovery, association mapping and population genetical parameter estimation from sequencing data , 2011, Bioinform..

[54]  A. Cutter Nucleotide Polymorphism and Linkage Disequilibrium in Wild Populations of the Partial Selfer Caenorhabditis elegans , 2006, Genetics.

[55]  R. Ellis,et al.  Evolutionary Change within a Bipotential Switch Shaped the Sperm/Oocyte Decision in Hermaphroditic Nematodes , 2013, PLoS Genetics.

[56]  E. Haag,et al.  Regulatory elements required for development of caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites are conserved in the tra-2 homologue of C. remanei, a male/female sister species. , 2000, Genetics.

[57]  Wen J. Li,et al.  Reference sequence (RefSeq) database at NCBI: current status, taxonomic expansion, and functional annotation , 2015, Nucleic Acids Res..

[58]  J. Berg Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating biology. , 1998, Science.

[59]  Pablo Cingolani,et al.  © 2012 Landes Bioscience. Do not distribute. , 2022 .

[60]  James K. Bonfield,et al.  Compression of FASTQ and SAM Format Sequencing Data , 2013, PloS one.