Value of Star Players in the Digital Age

International professional football has become a billion dollar market worldwide. Up to half of the world's inhabitants watch major events such as the FIFA World Cup or the UEFA Champions League Final. Central players and elements in this global advertising market are the clubs' teams and the players themselves. Social media platforms today allow professional footballers to reach millions of people through private marketing as individuals, thereby creating their own brand. The brand and reach of each player is also a valuable resource for clubs in terms of player value and transfer activity. The outlined results in the following article show indicate a positive correlation between the social media value of professional players and the transfer activities of football clubs. Consequently, the impact of digitization on professional football can be shown by a relationship which has not been investigated in research to date.

[1]  Detlef Swieter Eine ökonomische Analyse der Fußball-Bundesliga , 2002 .

[2]  Bernd Frick,et al.  The Football Players' Labor Market: Empirical Evidence from the Major European Leagues , 2007 .

[3]  Jeroen Ruijg,et al.  Determinants of football transfers , 2015 .

[4]  Markus Weinmann,et al.  Beyond crowd judgments: Data-driven estimation of market value in association football , 2017, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[5]  Hailiang Chen,et al.  IT-Enabled Broadcasting in Social Media: An Empirical Study of Artists’ Activities and Music Sales , 2014, Inf. Syst. Res..

[6]  David Godes,et al.  Introduction to the Special Issue - Social Media and Business Transformation: A Framework for Research , 2013, Inf. Syst. Res..

[7]  G. Scully,et al.  Pay and Performance in Major League Baseball. , 1974 .

[8]  H. Dietl,et al.  Zur Eignung der Ligagenossenschaft als Organisationsform im professionellen Teamsport — Eine modelltheoretische Untersuchung , 2007 .

[9]  Jennifer E. Rowley,et al.  Managing brand presence through social media: the case of UK football clubs , 2014, Internet Res..

[10]  Allen R. Sanderson,et al.  Labor Markets in Professional Sports , 2000 .

[11]  H. Schellhaass,et al.  Die zentrale Vermarktung von Europapokalspielen aus ökonomischer Sicht , 1998 .

[12]  Oliver Budzinski,et al.  Grundlagen der Sportnachfrage: Theorie und Empirie der Einflussfaktoren auf die Zuschauernachfrage , 2015 .

[13]  Jan Marco Leimeister,et al.  FC Bayern München goes social – the value of social media for professional sports clubs , 2017, ECIS.

[14]  Christopher P. Holland Internet and Social Media Strategy in Sports Marketing , 2015, ECIS.

[15]  Henning Vöpel Do We Really Need Financial Fair Play in European Club Football? An Economic Analysis , 2011 .

[16]  Stefan Szymanski,et al.  Testing Causality Between Team Performance and Payroll , 2002 .

[17]  Paul Downward,et al.  Sports Economics: Theory, Evidence and Policy , 2009 .

[18]  Henning Kreis,et al.  When the crowd evaluates soccer players’ market values: Accuracy and evaluation attributes of an online community , 2014 .

[19]  D. Berri,et al.  Salary Determination in the Presence of Fixed Revenues , 2015 .

[20]  Khim-Yong Goh,et al.  Social Media Brand Community and Consumer Behavior: Quantifying the Relative Impact of User- and Marketer-Generated Content , 2013, Inf. Syst. Res..

[21]  Veronica Liljander,et al.  Customer engagement in a Facebook brand community , 2012 .

[22]  W. Neale The Peculiar Economics of Professional Sports : A Contribution to the Theory of the Firm in Sporting Competition and in Market Competition , 2007 .