SHM by DOFS in civil engineering: a review

This paper provides an overview of the use of different Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor systems (DOFSs) to perform Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) in the specific case of civil engineering structures. Nowadays, there are several methods available for extracting distributed measurements from optical fiber, and their use have to be according with the aims of the SHM performance. The continuous-in-space data is the common advantage of the different DOFSs over other conventional health monitoring systems and, depending on the particular characteristics of each DOFS, a global and/or local health structural evaluation is possible with different accuracy. Firstly, the fundamentals of different DOFSs and their principal advantages and disadvantages are presented. Then, laboratory and field tests using different DOFSs systems to measure strain in structural elements and civil structures are presented and discussed. Finally, based on the current applications, conclusions and future trends of DOFSs in SHM in civil structures are proposed.

[1]  Zhishen Wu,et al.  An Improved Conjugated Beam Method for Deformation Monitoring with a Distributed Sensitive Fiber Optic Sensor , 2010 .

[2]  Gangbing Song,et al.  Recent applications of fiber optic sensors to health monitoring in civil engineering , 2004 .

[3]  Guanglun Wang,et al.  Effect of the plastic coating on strain measurement of concrete by fiber optic sensor , 2003 .

[4]  Michio Imai,et al.  Crack Detection Application for Fiber Reinforced Concrete Using BOCDA-Based Optical Fiber Strain Sensor , 2010 .

[5]  Farhad Ansari,et al.  Fibre Optic Methods for structural health monitoring , 2009 .

[6]  Zhishen Wu,et al.  Performance Evaluation of BOTDR-based Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors for Crack Monitoring , 2008 .

[7]  Ryan Regier.  APPLICATION OF FIBRE OPTICS ON REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES TO DEVELOP A STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING TECHNIQUE , 2013 .

[8]  Jose M. Lopez-Higuera,et al.  Brillouin Distributed Fiber Sensors: An Overview and Applications , 2012, J. Sensors.

[9]  M. Froggatt,et al.  Distributed measurement of static strain in an optical fiber with multiple bragg gratings at nominally equal wavelengths. , 1998, Applied optics.

[10]  D. Inaudi,et al.  Submillimeter crack detection with brillouin-based fiber-optic sensors , 2009, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[11]  F. Ansari,et al.  MECHANICS OF BOND AND INTERFACE SHEAR TRANSFER IN OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS , 1998 .

[12]  Wing Kong Chiu,et al.  Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors and their Applications in Pipeline Monitoring , 2013 .

[13]  Christopher K.Y. Leung,et al.  Crack sensing with a multimode fiber: experimental and theoretical studies , 2005 .

[14]  Antonio Nanni,et al.  A Brillouin smart FRP material and a strain data post processing software for structural health monitoring through laboratory testing and field application on a highway bridge , 2005, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[15]  Keith H. Wanser,et al.  Fiber sensors for monitoring structural strain and cracks , 1994, Other Conferences.

[16]  Kuo Chun Chang,et al.  Online monitoring of highway bridge construction using fiber Bragg grating sensors , 2005 .

[17]  Sergi Villalba Herrero,et al.  Monitorización y salud estructural: aplicación de la fibra óptica distribuida (OBR) en estructuras de hormigón , 2011 .

[18]  Aftab A. Mufti,et al.  Crack detection of steel girders using Brillouin optical time domain analysis , 2011 .

[19]  Antonio Borri,et al.  Retrofit and monitoring of an historical building using “Smart” CFRP with embedded fibre optic Brillouin sensors , 2005 .

[20]  Francis T. S. Yu,et al.  Fiber Optic Sensors , 2002 .

[21]  K. Shimizu,et al.  Development of a distributed sensing technique using Brillouin scattering , 1995 .

[22]  Changsen Sun,et al.  Theoretical and Experimental Investigations into Crack Detection with BOTDR-Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors , 2013 .

[23]  L. Thévenaz.  Brillouin distributed time-domain sensing in optical fibers: state of the art and perspectives , 2010 .

[24]  H. Suzuki,et al.  Highly dense strain measurement of concrete retrofitted with smart fabric , 2011, Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[25]  Dirk Samiec.  Distributed Fi Bre-optic Temperature and Strain Measurement with Extremely High Spatial Resolution 1 Fibre-optic Sensor Technology , .

[26]  Mark E. Froggatt,et al.  Fiber optic shape sensing for monitoring of flexible structures , 2012, Smart Structures.

[27]  Joan Ramon Casas Rius,et al.  Assessing cracking characteristics of concrete structures by distributed optical fiber and non-linear finite element modelling , 2014 .

[28]  L. Zeni.  Optical fiber distributed sensors : a tool for in-situ structural and environmental monitoring , 2009 .

[29]  Zhi Zhou,et al.  Integrated Optical Fiber Sensing System by Combing Large-Scale Distributed BOTDA/R and Localized FBGs , 2012, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[30]  Joan R. Casas,et al.  Application of OBR fiber optic technology in the structural health monitoring of the Can Fatjó Viaduct (Cerdanyola del Vallés - Spain) , 2012 .

[31]  Gerardo Rodríguez,et al.  Cracking assessment in concrete structures by distributed optical fiber , 2015 .

[32]  T. Horiguchi,et al.  Performance improvement of a combined OTDR for distributed strain and loss measurement by randomizing the reference light polarization state , 1997, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[33]  Shiuh-Chuan Her,et al.  Effect of Coating on the Strain Transfer of Optical Fiber Sensors , 2011, Sensors.

[34]  Brian Culshaw.  Fibre optic sensors in smart structures: achievements, challenges, and prospects , 2011, Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[35]  Neil A. Hoult,et al.  Damage/Deterioration Detection for Steel Structures Using Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensors , 2014 .

[36]  Romeo Bernini,et al.  Long term structural health monitoring by Brillouin fibre-optic sensing: a real case , 2012 .

[37]  J. Casas,et al.  Application of optical fiber distributed sensing to health monitoring of concrete structures , 2013 .

[38]  Jiang Chen,et al.  Theoretical analysis and experiment of micromechanics and mechanics-optics coupling of distributed optic-fiber crack sensing , 2011 .

[39]  Nestore Galati,et al.  Discontinuous Brillouin strain monitoring of small concrete bridges: comparison between near-to-surface and smart FRP fiber installation techniques , 2005, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[40]  Guo Yan,et al.  Smart film for crack monitoring of concrete bridges , 2011 .

[41]  Brahim Benmokrane,et al.  Structural health monitoring of innovative bridges in Canada with fiber optic sensors , 2001 .

[42]  S. Adachi.  Distributed optical fiber sensors and their applications , 2008, 2008 SICE Annual Conference.

[43]  Michael Iten,et al.  Novel Applications of Distributed Fiber-optic Sensing in Geotechnical Engineering , 2011 .

[44]  Guang Yang,et al.  Online Bridge Crack Monitoring with Smart Film , 2013, TheScientificWorldJournal.

[45]  X. W. Ye,et al.  Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructure Using Optical Fiber Sensing Technology: A Comprehensive Review , 2014, TheScientificWorldJournal.

[46]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Monitoring the stress of the post-tensioning cable using fiber optic distributed strain sensor , 2006 .

[47]  T. Horiguchi,et al.  Tensile strain dependence of Brillouin frequency shift in silica optical fibers , 1989, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[48]  Assaf Klar,et al.  Measures for identifying cracks within reinforced concrete beams using BOTDR , 2010, Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[49]  Daniele Inaudi,et al.  Development of method for in-service crack detection based on distributed fiber optic sensors , 2012 .

[50]  Branko Glišić,et al.  Damage detection and characterization using long-gauge and distributed fiber optic sensors , 2013 .

[51]  Liang Chen,et al.  Recent Progress in Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors , 2012, Sensors.

[52]  H. Ohno,et al.  Industrial Applications of the BOTDR Optical Fiber Strain Sensor , 2001 .

[53]  B. Soller,et al.  Measurement of localized heating in fiber optic components with millimeter spatial resolution , 2006, 2006 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[54]  Romeo Bernini,et al.  Distributed Strain Measurement along a Concrete Beam via Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Optical Fibers , 2011 .

[55]  Filipe Magalhães,et al.  Management and safety of existing concrete structures via optical fiber distributed sensing , 2014 .

[56]  Bin Shi,et al.  The BOTDR-based distributed monitoring system for slope engineering , 2006 .

[57]  Benjamín Torres Górriz.  DEFINICIÓN DE LAS PAUTAS Y CONDICIONES DE MONITORIZACIÓN, ENCAPSULADO Y FIJACIÓN DE SENSORES DE FIBRA ÓPTICA PARA LA MEDIDA DE DEFORMACIÓN Y TEMPERATURA EN ESTRUCTURAS , 2012 .

[58]  Michel LeBlanc,et al.  Arbitrary strain transfer from a host to an embedded fiber-optic sensor , 2000 .

[59]  Guo Yan,et al.  Sensitive Skin and the Relative Sensing System for Real-time Surface Monitoring of Crack in Civil Infrastructure , 2006 .

[60]  Hao Liu,et al.  Combined Interrogation using an Encapsulated FBG Sensor and a Distributed Brillouin Tight Buffered Fiber Sensor in a Tunnel , 2010 .

[61]  Marina Schroder,et al.  Structural Control Past Present And Future , 2016 .

[62]  Katerina Krebber,et al.  DISTRIBUTED POF SENSORS - RECENT PROGRESS AND NEW CHALLENGES , 2010 .

[63]  Masaru Zako,et al.  On Intelligent Structures Using Optical Fiber. I. On Intelligent Structures Using Optical Fiber. Crack Sensing with Optical Fiber. , 1995 .

[64]  Yahei Koyamada,et al.  Brillouin optical-fiber time domain reflectometry , 1993 .

[65]  Subhadarshi Nayak,et al.  Structural Health Monitoring: State of the Art and Perspectives , 2012 .

[66]  Branko Glisic,et al.  Streicker Bridge: a comparison between Bragg-grating long-gauge strain and temperature sensors and Brillouin scattering-based distributed strain and temperature sensors , 2011, Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[67]  M. Froggatt,et al.  High-spatial-resolution distributed strain measurement in optical fiber with rayleigh scatter. , 1998, Applied optics.

[68]  Joan R. Casas,et al.  Fiber Optic Sensors for Bridge Monitoring , 2003 .

[69]  Stephen T. Kreger,et al.  Swept-wavelength interferometric interrogation of fiber Rayleigh scatter for distributed sensing applications , 2007, SPIE Optics East.

[70]  Monika Woloszyn,et al.  Damage monitoring in fibre reinforced mortar by combined digital image correlation and acoustic emission , 2013 .

[71]  Merit Enckell,et al.  Evaluation of a large-scale bridge strain, temperature and crack monitoring with distributed fibre optic sensors , 2011 .

[72]  Constantinos Soutis,et al.  Damage monitoring and analysis of composite laminates with an open hole and adhesively bonded repairs using digital image correlation , 2013 .

[73]  C L Chen,et al.  Optical-fiber strain sensors with asymmetric etched structures. , 1993, Applied optics.

[74]  J. A. Buck,et al.  Fundamentals of optical fibers , 1995 .

[75]  Pierre Rossi,et al.  New method for detecting cracks in concrete using fibre optics , 1989 .

[76]  Kazuo Hotate,et al.  Distributed fiber Brillouin strain sensing by correlation-based continuous-wave technique: cm-order spatial resolution and dynamic strain measurement , 2002, SPIE/COS Photonics Asia.

[77]  M. Barnoski,et al.  Fiber waveguides: a novel technique for investigating attenuation characteristics. , 1976, Applied optics.

[78]  TengFei Bao,et al.  A fiber optic sensor for detecting and monitoring cracks in concrete structures , 2010 .

[79]  Christopher K.Y. Leung,et al.  Theoretical Modeling of Signal Loss versus Crack Opening for a Novel Crack Sensor , 2005 .

[80]  Choi Narak,et al.  一般化Harvey-Shack表面散乱理論の数値的検証 | 文献情報 | J-GLOBAL 科学技術総合リンクセンター , 2013 .

[81]  Marc Quiertant,et al.  Quantitative strain measurements with distributed fiber optic systems : qualification of a sensing cable bonded to the surface of a concrete structure , 2014 .

[82]  Maria Q. Feng,et al.  Detection of micrometer crack by Brillouin-scattering-based distributed strain and temperature sensor , 2008, International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors.

[83]  T. Horiguchi,et al.  Thermal effects on the Brillouin frequency shift in jacketed optical silica fibers. , 1990, Applied optics.

[84]  Christopher K.Y. Leung,et al.  Investigation of the strain transfer for surface-attached optical fiber strain sensors , 2008 .

[85]  Maria Feng,et al.  Sensing optical fiber installation study for crack identification using a stimulated Brillouin-based strain sensor , 2012 .

[86]  K. Chin,et al.  Fundamentals of Optical Fiber Sensors , 2012 .

[87]  A. Minardo,et al.  Bridge Monitoring Using Brillouin Fiber-Optic Sensors , 2012, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[88]  T. Morse,et al.  A novel distributed optical crack sensor for concrete structures , 2000 .

[89]  Neil A. Hoult,et al.  Distributed Strain Behavior of a Reinforced Concrete Bridge: Case Study , 2014 .

[90]  G. Johnson,et al.  Deployment of a fiber Bragg grating-based measurement system in a structural health monitoring application , 2001 .

[91]  Jeff Hecht,et al.  Understanding Fiber Optics , 1987 .

[92]  Xuping Zhang,et al.  Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry using a reference Brillouin ring laser , 2012, Other Conferences.

[93]  Luca Schenato,et al.  Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Based on Rayleigh Scattering , 2013 .

[94]  Marc Quiertant,et al.  Analysis of the strain transfer mechanism between a truly distributed optical fiber sensor and the surrounding medium : J.M. Henault, J. Salin & G. Moreau M. Quiertant, F. Taillade & K. Benzarti , 2012 .

[95]  L. Thévenaz,et al.  Brillouin gain spectrum characterization in single-mode optical fibers , 1997 .

[96]  K. Wan,et al.  Fiber optic sensor for the monitoring of mixed mode cracks in structures , 2007 .

[97]  Alan J. Rogers,et al.  Distributed optical-fibre sensing , 1999 .

[98]  Jinping Ou,et al.  Monitoring of structural prestress loss in RC beams by inner distributed Brillouin and fiber Bragg grating sensors on a single optical fiber , 2014 .

[99]  T. K. Gangopadhyay,et al.  Fibre Bragg gratings in structural health monitoring—Present status and applications , 2008 .

[100]  Ángel Carlos Aparicio Bengoechea,et al.  Diseño y validación experimental de uniones mediante superposición con lazos en viaductos de hormigón de sección transversal evolutiva , 2011 .

[101]  T. Parker,et al.  A fully distributed simultaneous strain and temperature sensor using spontaneous Brillouin backscatter , 1997, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.