Real-Time Cellular Wireless Sensor Testbed for Frequency Regulation in Smart Grids

This study focuses on the development of the future wireless sensors as communication of a cyber-physical Microgrid (WCPMG) under uncertain switching topologies. The impact of the network-induced delay is assessed under the switching CTs. In this paper, a new general type-2 fractional order fuzzy PD/fuzzy PI (GT2FO-FPD/FPI) supervised online ANFIS controller is proposed for the secondary load frequency control (LFC) of a networked multiple interconnected MG. To handle the switching network with communication topology (CT), a Markov model is adopted in the control design stage. To ameliorate further the performance of the supervised control strategy, an improved version of the whale optimization algorithm called IWOA is introduced to adjust the setting of the controller parameters. A real-time WCPMG system testbed is developed using hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulator and the testbed applicability is then studied in the terms of MG components and communication degradations from a systemic perspective.

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