Photorefractive effects in LiNbO3 channel waveguides: Model and experimental verification

Photorefractive effects in Ti‐indiffused LiNbO3 channel waveguides at λ=0.85 μm are modeled and the theoretical predictions are experimentally verified. This model allows, for the first time, the quantitative prediction of the magnitudes and time evolution of photorefractive effects in LiNbO3 channel waveguide devices and provides a consistent method of characterizing the photorefractive behavior of LiNbO3 channel waveguides.

[1]  T. Gaylord,et al.  Unified approach to the formation of phase holograms in ferroelectric crystals , 1975 .

[2]  J. J. Amodei,et al.  Coupled‐Wave Analysis of Holographic Storage in LiNbO3 , 1972 .

[3]  J. Revelli,et al.  Chemical control of optical damage in lithium niobate , 1978 .

[4]  B. Brown.  Proceedings of the Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers , 1975 .

[5]  M. Minakata,et al.  DC Drift Phenomena in LiNbO3 Optical Waveguide Devices , 1981 .

[6]  G. D. Boyd,et al.  OPTICALLY‐INDUCED REFRACTIVE INDEX INHOMOGENEITIES IN LiNbO3 AND LiTaO3 , 1966 .

[7]  M. Moharam,et al.  Hologram writing in lithium niobate: Beam coupling and the transport length in the bulk photovoltaic effect , 1979 .

[8]  R. A. Becker.  ‘‘Thermal fixing’’ of Ti‐indiffused LiNbO3 channel waveguides for reduced photorefractive susceptibility , 1984 .

[9]  D. B. Fraser,et al.  HOLOGRAPHIC STORAGE IN LITHIUM NIOBATE , 1968 .

[10]  W. Phillips,et al.  Hologram storage in photochromic LiNbO3 , 1974 .

[11]  Alastair M. Glass,et al.  Optically induced crosstalk in LiNbO3 waveguide switches , 1980 .

[12]  R. A. Becker,et al.  Comparison of guided‐wave interferometric modulators fabricated on LiNbO3 via Ti indiffusion and proton exchange , 1983 .

[13]  W. Burns,et al.  Linear interferometric modulators in Ti:LiNbO 3 , 1984 .

[14]  Robert Gerson,et al.  Increased optical damage resistance in lithium niobate , 1984 .

[15]  Dynamics of optical TE to TM mode conversion in LiNbO3 channel waveguides , 1984 .

[16]  D. Staebler,et al.  Improved electrooptic materials and fixing techniques for holographic recording. , 1972, Applied optics.

[17]  A. M. Glass,et al.  The Photorefractive Effect , 1978 .