Operating Reserves and Wind Power Integration; An International Comparision: Preprint

NOTICE The submitted manuscript has been offered by an employee of the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC (Alliance), a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Accordingly, the US Government and Alliance retain a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Abstract—The determination of additional operating reserves in power systems with high wind penetration is attracting a significant amount of attention and research. Wind integration analysis over the past several years has shown that the level of operating reserve that is induced by wind is not a constant function of the installed capacity. Observations and analysis of actual wind plant operating data has shown that wind does not change its output fast enough to be considered as a contingency event. However, the variability that wind adds to the system does require the activation or deactivation of additional operating reserves. This paper provides a high-level international comparison of methods and key results from both operating practice and integration analysis, based on the work in International Energy Agency IEA WIND Task 25 on Large-scale Wind Integration. The paper concludes with an assessment of the common themes and important differences, along with recent emerging trends.