Strategies or Routines ? Knowledge Codification, Path-Dependence and the Evolution of Post-Acquisition Integration Practices in the U.S. Banking Industry

In a study of post-acquisition management practices in the U.S. commercial banking industry, we examine how firms codify their knowledge from previous acquisition experiences and routinize their post-acquisition decisions. We find that firms with higher levels of knowledge codification tend to integrate their acquired units more and to replace the existing top management team with higher probability. Also, acquirers tend to replicate their integration and resource replacement decisions irrespective of variations in the resource characteristics of their targets, suggesting strong tacit routinization effects.

[1]  Maurizio Zollo,et al.  The Impact of Knowledge Codification, Experience Trajectories and Integration Strategies on the Performance of Corporate Acquisitions , 1998 .

[2]  Richard J. Bauer,et al.  Knowledge and the firm , 1999 .

[3]  A. Denisi,et al.  Communication with Employees Following a Merger: A Longitudinal Field Experiment , 1991 .

[4]  S. Winter Knowledge and Competence as Strategic Assets , 1987 .

[5]  Deepak K. Datta,et al.  Relationships Between Type of Acquisition, The Autonomy Given to the Acquired Firm, and Acquisition Success: An Empirical Analysis , 1990 .

[6]  Michael Lubatkin,et al.  Merger strategies and stockholder value , 1987 .

[7]  M. Shubik,et al.  A Behavioral Theory of the Firm. , 1964 .

[8]  Sayan Chatterjee,et al.  Types of Synergy and Economic Value: The Impact of Acquisitions on Merging and Rival Firms , 1986 .

[9]  Anthony M. Santomero,et al.  The Value Effects of Bank Mergers and Acquisitions , 1998 .

[10]  Heather A. Haveman Organizational size and change: Diversification in the savings and loan industry after deregulation , 1993 .

[11]  Kim B. Clark,et al.  Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of , 1990 .

[12]  James P. Walsh,et al.  Doing a deal: Merger and acquisition negotiations and their impact upon target company top management turnover , 1989 .

[13]  S. Rhoades,et al.  A summary of merger performance studies in banking, 1980-93, and an assessment of the "operating performance" and "event study" methodologies , 1994 .

[14]  James P. Walsh,et al.  Mergers, acquisitions, and the pruning of managerial deadwood , 1991 .

[15]  A. Seth Value creation in acquisitions: A re‐examination of performance issues , 1990 .

[16]  S. Winter,et al.  An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change.by Richard R. Nelson; Sidney G. Winter , 1987 .

[17]  Richard S. Ruback,et al.  Does Corporate Performance Improve after Mergers? , 1990 .

[18]  Philip H. Mirvis,et al.  Negotiations after the sale: The roots and ramifications of conflict in an acquisition , 1985 .

[19]  Robert S. Harris,et al.  The postmerger share-price performance of acquiring firms , 1991 .

[20]  Amy L. Pablo Determinants of acquisition integration level: A decision-making perspective. , 1994 .

[21]  Donald C. Hambrick,et al.  Effects of executive departures on the performance of acquired firms , 1993 .

[22]  B. Kogut,et al.  Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test , 1995 .

[23]  Constance E. Helfat,et al.  Evolutionary trajectories in petroleum firm R&D , 1994 .

[24]  Robert C. Miljus,et al.  Mergers, acquisitions, and employee anxiety: A study of separation anxiety in a corporate context , 1991 .

[25]  S. Sitkin,et al.  Corporate Acquisitions: A Process Perspective , 1986 .

[26]  Jay B. Barney,et al.  Returns to bidding firms in mergers and acquisitions: Reconsidering the relatedness hypothesis , 1988 .

[27]  Gabriel Szulanski,et al.  INTRA-FIRM TRANSFER OF BEST PRACTICE, APPROPRIATIVE CAPABILITIES, AND ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS TO APPROPRIATIONS. , 1993 .

[28]  Teresa Joyce Covin,et al.  An Investigation of Post-Acquisition Satisfaction with the Merger , 1996 .

[29]  Ali R. Malekzadeh,et al.  Acculturation in Mergers and Acquisitions , 1988 .

[30]  W. Goldberg Mergers, Motives, Modes, Methods , 1983 .

[31]  Ajit Singh Take-overs, Economic Natural Selection, and the Theory of The Firm: Evidence from the Postwar United Kingdom Experience , 1975 .

[32]  Amy L. Pablo,et al.  Acquisition Decision-Making Processes: The Central Role of Risk , 1996 .

[33]  E. Johnsen Richard M. Cyert & James G. March, A Behavioral Theory of The Firm, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1963, 332 s. , 1964 .

[34]  Heather A. Haveman Between a rock and a hard place: Organizational change and performance under conditions of fundamental environmental transformation , 1992 .

[35]  A. Seth Sources of value creation in acquisitions: An empirical investigation , 1990 .

[36]  A. Buono The human side of mergers and acquisitions , 1989 .

[37]  Constance E. Helfat,et al.  Managerial Resources and Rents , 1991 .

[38]  K. Fowler,et al.  Determinants of tender offer post-acquisition financial performance , 1989 .

[39]  Frederic M. Scherer,et al.  Mergers, sell-offs, and economic efficiency , 1987 .

[40]  S. Lippman,et al.  Uncertain Imitability: An Analysis of Interfirm Differences in Efficiency under Competition , 1982 .

[41]  Cynthia A. Montgomery,et al.  Corporate acquisition strategies and economic performance , 1987 .

[42]  W. P. Barnett,et al.  Resetting the Clock: The Dynamics of Organizational Change and Failure. , 1990 .

[43]  M. Lubatkin,et al.  CULTURAL DIFFERENCES AND SHAREHOLDER VALUE IN RELATED MERGERS: LINKING EQUITY AND HUMAN CAPITAL , 1992 .

[44]  P. Haspeslagh,et al.  The Acquisition Integration Process: A Contingent Framework , 1994 .

[45]  Richard S. Ruback,et al.  The Market for Corporate Control: The Scientific Evidence , 2002 .

[46]  Organizations , 1992, Restoration & Management Notes.

[47]  B. Kogut,et al.  Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities, and the Replication of Technology , 1992 .

[48]  James A. Brickley,et al.  The Market for Corporate Control: The Empirical Evidence Since 1980 , 1988 .

[49]  H. Manne,et al.  Mergers and the Market for Corporate Control , 1965, Journal of Political Economy.