Unified analysis of perfectly matched layers using differential forms

The perfectly matched layer PML concept is interpreted as a change in the metric of space. By using the language of differential forms applied to the electromagnetic fields and exploring the metric inariance of Maxwell's equations, thearious prealent PML formula- () tions Maxwellian and non-Maxwellian are unified. The analysis also reeals that other PML formulations are also possible, embodying the preious PML formulations as special cases. Q 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 20: 124)126, 1999.