Analyses of multi-color plant-growth light sources in achieving maximum photosynthesis efficiencies with enhanced color qualities.

An optimal design of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting that benefits both the photosynthesis performance for plants and the visional health for human eyes has drawn considerable attention. In the present study, we have developed a multi-color driving algorithm that serves as a liaison between desired spectral power distributions and pulse-width-modulation duty cycles. With the aid of this algorithm, our multi-color plant-growth light sources can optimize correlated-color temperature (CCT) and color rendering index (CRI) such that photosynthetic luminous efficacy of radiation (PLER) is maximized regardless of the number of LEDs and the type of photosynthetic action spectrum (PAS). In order to illustrate the accuracies of the proposed algorithm and the practicalities of our plant-growth light sources, we choose six color LEDs and German PAS for experiments. Finally, our study can help provide a useful guide to improve light qualities in plant factories, in which long-term co-inhabitance of plants and human beings is required.

[1]  J. Oh,et al.  Optimization of the theoretical photosynthesis performance and vision-friendly quality of multi-package purplish white LED lighting , 2015 .

[2]  Bernhard Roth,et al.  LEDs for Energy Efficient Greenhouse Lighting , 2014, 1406.3016.

[3]  Tien-Mo Shih,et al.  Multi-function indoor light sources based on light-emitting diodes-a solution for healthy lighting. , 2016, Optics express.

[4]  W. Fang,et al.  Applications of xerophytophysiology in plant production—LED blue light as a stimulus improved the tomato crop , 2012 .

[5]  Steve Paolini,et al.  Status of Solid State Lighting Product Development and Future Trends for General Illumination. , 2016, Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering.

[6]  Muzammal Rehman,et al.  Light-emitting diodes: whether an efficient source of light for indoor plants? , 2017, Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

[7]  K. Fujiwara,et al.  Effects of wavelength of LED-light on in vitro asymbiotic germination and seedling growth of Bletilla ochracea Schltr. (Orchidaceae) , 2011 .

[8]  Y. Ikoma,et al.  Effect of the combination of ethylene and red LED light irradiation on carotenoid accumulation and carotenogenic gene expression in the flavedo of citrus fruit , 2015 .

[9]  Tien-Mo Shih,et al.  Improvements of mesopic luminance for light-emitting-diode-based outdoor light sources via tuning scotopic/photopic ratios. , 2017, Optics express.

[10]  S. Dutta Gupta,et al.  Fundamentals and applications of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in in vitro plant growth and morphogenesis , 2013, Plant Biotechnology Reports.

[11]  L. Jaakola,et al.  Light-controlled flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits , 2014, Front. Plant Sci..

[12]  M. Tu,et al.  Improving “color rendering” of LED lighting for the growth of lettuce , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[13]  Jwo-Huei Jou,et al.  Plant Growth Absorption Spectrum Mimicking Light Sources , 2015, Materials.

[14]  Junji Kido,et al.  Development of high performance OLEDs for general lighting , 2013 .

[15]  Wen-Dar Huang,et al.  The effects of red, blue, and white light-emitting diodes on the growth, development, and edible quality of hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) , 2013 .

[16]  C. Michael Bourget,et al.  An Introduction to Light-emitting Diodes , 2008 .

[17]  Zhi-gang Xu,et al.  Effect of light-emitting diodes on growth and morphogenesis of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plantlets in vitro , 2010, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC).

[18]  Dieter Lang,et al.  Energy Efficient Illumination for the Biological Clock , 2011 .

[19]  Hirohisa Yaguchi,et al.  CIE 2017 colour fidelity index for accurate scientific use , 2017 .

[20]  Yi-Jun Lu,et al.  Spectral Optimization of Three-Primary LEDs by Considering the Circadian Action Factor , 2016, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[21]  Kee-Yoeup Paek,et al.  Effects of LEDs on net photosynthetic rate, growth and leaf stomata of chrysanthemum plantlets in vitro , 2004 .

[22]  Z. Sheng,et al.  Broadband In-Plane Light Bending With a Doublet Silicon Nanopost Array , 2016, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[23]  Wei Lu,et al.  Effects of light-emitting diode supplementary lighting on the winter growth of greenhouse plants in the Yangtze River Delta of China , 2016, Botanical Studies.

[24]  Luoxi Hao,et al.  Spectral optimization simulation of white light based on the photopic eye-sensitivity curve , 2016 .

[25]  M. Kocifaj,et al.  Evaluating Potential Spectral Impacts of Various Artificial Lights on Melatonin Suppression, Photosynthesis, and Star Visibility , 2013, PloS one.