Functional cortical imaging of nausea and vomiting: A possible approach

From a naive point of view, a study on functional cortical imaging of nausea and vomiting should deliver insight into the basic cortical mechanisms, connections, and time courses, of nausea and vomiting as perceived and processed in the human brain of affected subjects. Until now the brain's response to nausea and vomiting are only inadequately characterized, because studies have been focused mostly on understanding the different mechanisms leading to nausea rather than to cortical activations during nausea or vomiting, respectively. Consequently, the imaging of the "personal experience" of nausea and vomiting can currently be regarded as terra incognita. Nonetheless, the wide variety of the results published on diverse aspects of the topic can be helpful in providing guidelines for a paradigm to further investigations. This paper presents a brief outline for a study on the functional imaging of nauseated humans by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

[1]  Krish D. Singh,et al.  Induced visual illusions and gamma oscillations in human primary visual cortex , 2004, The European journal of neuroscience.

[2]  P. Boesiger,et al.  Modulation of gastric motor activity by a centrally acting stimulus, circular vection, in humans. , 2001, American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology.

[3]  T. Brandt,et al.  Reciprocal inhibitory visual-vestibular interaction. Visual motion stimulation deactivates the parieto-insular vestibular cortex. , 1998, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[4]  Geoffrey Hall,et al.  Latent Inhibition of Rotation Chair-Induced Nausea in Healthy Male and Female Volunteers , 2005, Psychosomatic medicine.

[5]  B D Lawson,et al.  The sopite syndrome revisited: drowsiness and mood changes during real or apparent motion. , 1998, Acta astronautica.

[6]  H. Parkman,et al.  AGA technical review on nausea and vomiting. , 2001, Gastroenterology.

[7]  K. Koch Illusory self-motion and motion sickness: a model for brain-gut interactions and nausea. , 1999, Digestive diseases and sciences.

[8]  S K Rogers,et al.  Spectral analysis of the electroencephalographic response to motion sickness. , 1993, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[9]  Tarek A. Yousry,et al.  Visual‐Vestibular and Visuovisual Cortical Interaction , 2002 .

[10]  A Weindl,et al.  Deactivation of human visual cortex during involuntary ocular oscillations. A PET activation study. , 1996, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[11]  Geoffrey Hall,et al.  Effects of ethnicity and gender on motion sickness susceptibility. , 2005, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[12]  Peter T. Fox,et al.  The temporal response of the brain after eating revealed by functional MRI , 2000, Nature.

[13]  L. Zun,et al.  Gender differences in narcotic-induced emesis in the ED. , 2002, The American journal of emergency medicine.

[14]  B. Ong,et al.  Postoperative nausea and vomiting: a review of current literature. , 2003, Singapore medical journal.

[15]  T. Brandt,et al.  Dominance for vestibular cortical function in the non-dominant hemisphere. , 2003, Cerebral cortex.

[16]  K. Koch Diabetic Gastropathy (Gastric Neuromuscular Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus A Review of Symptoms, Pathophysiology, and Treatment) , 1999, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[17]  Miller Ad Central mechanisms of vomiting. , 1999 .

[18]  J. Golding Motion sickness susceptibility questionnaire revised and its relationship to other forms of sickness , 1998, Brain Research Bulletin.

[19]  Alan D. Miller,et al.  Human Cortical Activity during Vestibular‐ and Drug‐Induced Nausea Detected Using MSI a , 1996, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[20]  J F Thayer,et al.  Assessment of the multiple dimensions of nausea: the Nausea Profile (NP). , 1996, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[21]  A. Graybiel,et al.  Sopite syndrome: a sometimes sole manifestation of motion sickness. , 1976, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.