Study of cortical rhythmic activity and connectivity with magnetoencephalography

OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY P.O. BOX 1000, FI-02015 TKK http://www.tkk.fi

[1]  F. L. D. Silva,et al.  Event-related EEG/MEG synchronization and desynchronization: basic principles , 1999, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[2]  M-X Huang,et al.  Commonalities and Differences Among Vectorized Beamformers in Electromagnetic Source Imaging , 2003, Brain Topography.

[3]  J. Ford,et al.  Combined event‐related fMRI and EEG evidence for temporal—parietal cortex activation during target detection , 1997, Neuroreport.

[4]  Karl J. Friston Functional and effective connectivity in neuroimaging: A synthesis , 1994 .

[5]  P Gloor,et al.  Brain lesions that produce delta waves in the EEG , 1977, Neurology.

[6]  E. Hoffman,et al.  A positron-emission transaxial tomograph for nuclear imaging (PETT). , 1975, Radiology.

[7]  A M Amjad,et al.  A framework for the analysis of mixed time series/point process data--theory and application to the study of physiological tremor, single motor unit discharges and electromyograms. , 1995, Progress in biophysics and molecular biology.

[8]  Clara A. Scholl,et al.  Synchronized delta oscillations correlate with the resting-state functional MRI signal , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[9]  Christa Neuper,et al.  Do brain oscillations of different frequencies indicate interaction between cortical areas in humans? , 2000, Neuroscience Letters.

[10]  M. Hämäläinen,et al.  Realistic conductivity geometry model of the human head for interpretation of neuromagnetic data , 1989, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[11]  S. Bressler,et al.  Frequency decomposition of conditional Granger causality and application to multivariate neural field potential data , 2006, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[12]  Matti S. Hämäläinen,et al.  Dipole modelling of MEG rhythms in time and frequency domains , 2005, Brain Topography.

[13]  Richard M. Leahy,et al.  Electromagnetic brain mapping , 2001, IEEE Signal Process. Mag..

[14]  W. Singer,et al.  Visuomotor integration is associated with zero time-lag synchronization among cortical areas , 1997, Nature.

[15]  R J Ilmoniemi,et al.  Cerebral magnetic fields. , 1986, Critical reviews in biomedical engineering.

[16]  O. Bertrand,et al.  Oscillatory gamma-band (30-70 Hz) activity induced by a visual search task in humans. , 1997, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[17]  M. Paluš,et al.  Detecting nonlinearity and phase synchronization with surrogate data , 1998, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine.

[18]  P. König,et al.  Top-down processing mediated by interareal synchronization. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[19]  Krish D. Singh,et al.  A new approach to neuroimaging with magnetoencephalography , 2005, Human brain mapping.

[20]  T. Sejnowski,et al.  Dynamic Brain Sources of Visual Evoked Responses , 2002, Science.

[21]  O. Jensen,et al.  Posterior alpha activity is not phase-reset by visual stimuli. , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[22]  J. Lisman,et al.  Oscillations in the alpha band (9-12 Hz) increase with memory load during retention in a short-term memory task. , 2002, Cerebral cortex.

[23]  J. Martinerie,et al.  The brainweb: Phase synchronization and large-scale integration , 2001, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[24]  T. Allison,et al.  Word recognition in the human inferior temporal lobe , 1994, Nature.

[25]  R. Hari,et al.  Functional Segregation of Movement-Related Rhythmic Activity in the Human Brain , 1995, NeuroImage.

[26]  R. Llinás,et al.  The functional states of the thalamus and the associated neuronal interplay. , 1988, Physiological reviews.

[27]  T. Schreiber,et al.  Surrogate time series , 1999, chao-dyn/9909037.

[28]  Barry Horwitz,et al.  Investigating the neural basis for functional and effective connectivity. Application to fMRI , 2005, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[29]  P König,et al.  Synchronization of oscillatory neuronal responses between striate and extrastriate visual cortical areas of the cat. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[30]  W. Singer,et al.  Testing non-linearity and directedness of interactions between neural groups in the macaque inferotemporal cortex , 1999, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[31]  F. Babiloni,et al.  Estimation of the cortical functional connectivity with the multimodal integration of high-resolution EEG and fMRI data by directed transfer function , 2005, NeuroImage.

[32]  P. Welch The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of power spectra: A method based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms , 1967 .

[33]  G Pfurtscheller,et al.  Graphical display and statistical evaluation of event-related desynchronization (ERD). , 1977, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[34]  Wolf Singer,et al.  Neuronal Synchrony: A Versatile Code for the Definition of Relations? , 1999, Neuron.

[35]  R. Ivry The representation of temporal information in perception and motor control , 1996, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[36]  B. Rosen,et al.  Functional mapping of the human visual cortex by magnetic resonance imaging. , 1991, Science.

[37]  Susumu Mori,et al.  Fiber tracking: principles and strategies – a technical review , 2002, NMR in biomedicine.

[38]  J. Pernier,et al.  Oscillatory γ-Band (30–70 Hz) Activity Induced by a Visual Search Task in Humans , 1997, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[39]  Dominique Hasboun,et al.  A multitrial analysis for revealing significant corticocortical networks in magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography , 2003, NeuroImage.

[40]  R. Ilmoniemi,et al.  Sampling theory for neuromagnetic detector arrays , 1993, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[41]  J. Geweke,et al.  Measurement of Linear Dependence and Feedback between Multiple Time Series , 1982 .

[42]  H. Petsche,et al.  Phase-coupling of theta-gamma EEG rhythms during short-term memory processing. , 2002, International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.

[43]  R. Hari,et al.  Auditory evoked transient and sustained magnetic fields of the human brain localization of neural generators , 1980, Experimental Brain Research.

[44]  G. Buzsáki,et al.  Gamma Oscillations in the Entorhinal Cortex of the Freely Behaving Rat , 1998, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[45]  P. König,et al.  Correlated firing in sensory-motor systems , 1995, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[46]  R. Salmelin,et al.  Motor cortex dynamics in visuomotor production of speech and non-speech mouth movements. , 2006, Cerebral cortex.

[47]  M. Berger,et al.  High Gamma Power Is Phase-Locked to Theta Oscillations in Human Neocortex , 2006, Science.

[48]  Mingzhou Ding,et al.  Evaluating causal relations in neural systems: Granger causality, directed transfer function and statistical assessment of significance , 2001, Biological Cybernetics.

[49]  N. Logothetis,et al.  Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal , 2001, Nature.

[50]  C. Büchel,et al.  Modulation of connectivity in visual pathways by attention: cortical interactions evaluated with structural equation modelling and fMRI. , 1997, Cerebral cortex.

[51]  B. Shinn-Cunningham,et al.  Task-modulated “what” and “where” pathways in human auditory cortex , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[52]  S. Petersen,et al.  Neuroimaging studies of word reading. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[53]  Jean-Francois Mangin,et al.  A multiresolution framework to MEG/EEG source imaging , 2001, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng..

[54]  L. Kaufman,et al.  On the relation between somatic evoked potentials and fields. , 1981, The International journal of neuroscience.

[55]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Attentional modulation of effective connectivity from V2 to V5/MT in humans. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[56]  Olivier David,et al.  Waves of consciousness: ongoing cortical patterns during binocular rivalry , 2004, NeuroImage.

[57]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Functional Connectivity: The Principal-Component Analysis of Large (PET) Data Sets , 1993, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[58]  Maurizio Corbetta,et al.  The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[59]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Mechanisms of evoked and induced responses in MEG/EEG , 2006, NeuroImage.

[60]  R. Salmelin,et al.  Dynamics of letter string perception in the human occipitotemporal cortex. , 1999, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[61]  G. Cecchi,et al.  Scale-free brain functional networks. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[62]  H. Helmholtz Ueber einige Gesetze der Vertheilung elektrischer Ströme in körperlichen Leitern mit Anwendung auf die thierisch‐elektrischen Versuche , 1853 .

[63]  O. Jensen,et al.  Posterior α activity is not phase-reset by visual stimuli , 2006 .

[64]  C. Granger Testing for causality: a personal viewpoint , 1980 .

[65]  Kevin Whittingstall,et al.  Evaluating the spatial relationship of event‐related potential and functional MRI sources in the primary visual cortex , 2007, Human brain mapping.

[66]  R. Leahy,et al.  Equivalence of linear approaches in bioelectromagnetic inverse solutions , 2004, IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing, 2003.

[67]  S. Kosslyn,et al.  Reactivity of magnetic parieto-occipital alpha rhythm during visual imagery. , 1995, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[68]  R. Burgess Localization of Neural Generators , 1991 .

[69]  J. Schoffelen,et al.  Oscillatory activity in human parietal and occipital cortex shows hemispheric lateralization and memory effects in a delayed double-step saccade task. , 2007, Cerebral cortex.

[70]  J. Geweke,et al.  Measures of Conditional Linear Dependence and Feedback between Time Series , 1984 .

[71]  G. McCarthy,et al.  Language-related field potentials in the anterior-medial temporal lobe: II. Effects of word type and semantic priming , 1995, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[72]  Rainer Goebel,et al.  Investigating directed cortical interactions in time-resolved fMRI data using vector autoregressive modeling and Granger causality mapping. , 2003, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[73]  H. Petsche,et al.  Synchronization between prefrontal and posterior association cortex during human working memory. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[74]  G. Pfurtscheller Event-related synchronization (ERS): an electrophysiological correlate of cortical areas at rest. , 1992, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[75]  F. L. D. Silva,et al.  Basic mechanisms of cerebral rhythmic activities , 1990 .

[76]  Christoph Braun,et al.  Coherence of gamma-band EEG activity as a basis for associative learning , 1999, Nature.

[77]  Vinod Menon,et al.  Functional connectivity in the resting brain: A network analysis of the default mode hypothesis , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[78]  Luca Faes,et al.  Surrogate data analysis for assessing the significance of the coherence function , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[79]  J. Palva,et al.  Phase Synchrony among Neuronal Oscillations in the Human Cortex , 2005, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[80]  A. McIntosh,et al.  Structural modeling of functional neural pathways mapped with 2-deoxyglucose: effects of acoustic startle habituation on the auditory system , 1991, Brain Research.

[81]  Dimitrios Pantazis,et al.  Coherent neural representation of hand speed in humans revealed by MEG imaging , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[82]  Yoko Yamaguchi,et al.  A long-range cortical network emerging with theta oscillation in a mental task , 2004, Neuroreport.

[83]  J. E. Zimmerman,et al.  Macroscopic Quantum Interference Effects through Superconducting Point Contacts , 1966 .

[84]  Gareth R. Barnes,et al.  Group imaging of task-related changes in cortical synchronisation using nonparametric permutation testing , 2003, NeuroImage.

[85]  O. Jensen,et al.  Modulation of Gamma and Alpha Activity during a Working Memory Task Engaging the Dorsal or Ventral Stream , 2007, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[86]  Ankoor S. Shah,et al.  Neural dynamics and the fundamental mechanisms of event-related brain potentials. , 2004, Cerebral cortex.

[87]  James M Kilner,et al.  Event-related brain dynamics , 2002, Trends in Neurosciences.

[88]  F. Gonzalez-Lima,et al.  Structural equation modeling and its application to network analysis in functional brain imaging , 1994 .

[89]  E. Fetz,et al.  Coherent 25- to 35-Hz oscillations in the sensorimotor cortex of awake behaving monkeys. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[90]  Richard S. J. Frackowiak,et al.  Brain activity during reading. The effects of exposure duration and task. , 1994, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[91]  G. Pfurtscheller Central beta rhythm during sensorimotor activities in man. , 1981, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[92]  Olivier David,et al.  Estimation of neural dynamics from MEG/EEG cortical current density maps: application to the reconstruction of large-scale cortical synchrony , 2002, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[93]  A. Ioannides,et al.  Coupling of regional activations in a human brain during an object and face affect recognition task , 2000, Human brain mapping.

[94]  A. E. Schulman,et al.  Functional coupling and regional activation of human cortical motor areas during simple, internally paced and externally paced finger movements. , 1998, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[95]  M M Mesulam,et al.  Large‐scale neurocognitive networks and distributed processing for attention, language, and memory , 1990, Annals of neurology.

[96]  W. Drongelen,et al.  Localization of brain electrical activity via linearly constrained minimum variance spatial filtering , 1997, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[97]  Sauli Savolainen,et al.  Ipsi- and contralateral EEG reactions to transcranial magnetic stimulation , 2002, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[98]  Geoff J. M. Parker,et al.  Characterizing function–structure relationships in the human visual system with functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging , 2004, NeuroImage.

[99]  J. Vrba,et al.  Signal processing in magnetoencephalography. , 2001, Methods.

[100]  K. Matsuura,et al.  Selective minimum-norm solution of the biomagnetic inverse problem , 1995, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[101]  S. Taulu,et al.  Spatiotemporal signal space separation method for rejecting nearby interference in MEG measurements , 2006, Physics in medicine and biology.

[102]  G. Buzsáki,et al.  Gamma (40-100 Hz) oscillation in the hippocampus of the behaving rat , 1995, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[103]  E. Bullmore,et al.  A Resilient, Low-Frequency, Small-World Human Brain Functional Network with Highly Connected Association Cortical Hubs , 2006, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[104]  J. Sarvas Basic mathematical and electromagnetic concepts of the biomagnetic inverse problem. , 1987, Physics in medicine and biology.

[105]  Fernando Henrique Lopes da Silva,et al.  The hemodynamic response of the alpha rhythm: An EEG/fMRI study , 2007, NeuroImage.

[106]  Dae-Shik Kim,et al.  Spatial relationship between neuronal activity and BOLD functional MRI , 2004, NeuroImage.

[107]  C. Büchel,et al.  Dynamic changes in effective connectivity characterized by variable parameter regression and kalman filtering , 1998, Human brain mapping.

[108]  Robert Schmitt,et al.  Integration of fMRI and simultaneous EEG: towards a comprehensive understanding of localization and time-course of brain activity in target detection , 2004, NeuroImage.

[109]  W Singer,et al.  Visual feature integration and the temporal correlation hypothesis. , 1995, Annual review of neuroscience.

[110]  Christoph von der Malsburg,et al.  The What and Why of Binding The Modeler’s Perspective , 1999, Neuron.

[111]  Se Robinson,et al.  Functional neuroimaging by Synthetic Aperture Magnetometry (SAM) , 1999 .

[112]  Laura Astolfi,et al.  Estimation of the cortical connectivity by high-resolution EEG and structural equation modeling: Simulations and application to finger tapping data , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[113]  Andreas Kleinschmidt,et al.  EEG-correlated fMRI of human alpha activity , 2003, NeuroImage.

[114]  Dietmar Cordes,et al.  Hierarchical clustering to measure connectivity in fMRI resting-state data. , 2002, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[115]  L. Garnero,et al.  Combined MEG and EEG source imaging by minimization of mutual information , 1999, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[116]  R. Williams,et al.  The control of neuron number. , 1988, Annual review of neuroscience.

[117]  E. Somersalo,et al.  Visualization of Magnetoencephalographic Data Using Minimum Current Estimates , 1999, NeuroImage.

[118]  Y. Okada,et al.  Genesis of MEG signals in a mammalian CNS structure. , 1997, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[119]  W. Singer,et al.  Oscillatory responses in cat visual cortex exhibit inter-columnar synchronization which reflects global stimulus properties , 1989, Nature.

[120]  Joachim Gross,et al.  Oscillatory activity reflects the excitability of the human somatosensory system , 2006, NeuroImage.

[121]  G. Ermentrout,et al.  Gamma rhythms and beta rhythms have different synchronization properties. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[122]  F. Varela,et al.  Measuring phase synchrony in brain signals , 1999, Human brain mapping.

[123]  O. Jensen,et al.  Cross-frequency coupling between neuronal oscillations , 2007, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[124]  G L Shulman,et al.  INAUGURAL ARTICLE by a Recently Elected Academy Member:A default mode of brain function , 2001 .

[125]  G. Chatrian,et al.  The blocking of the rolandic wicket rhythm and some central changes related to movement. , 1959, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[126]  J. Wessberg,et al.  Organization of motor output in slow finger movements in man. , 1993, The Journal of physiology.

[127]  W PENFIELD,et al.  Mechanisms of voluntary movement. , 1954, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[128]  C H Lücking,et al.  A comparison between electric source localisation and fMRI during somatosensory stimulation. , 1998, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[129]  R. Ilmoniemi,et al.  Neuronal responses to magnetic stimulation reveal cortical reactivity and connectivity , 1997, Neuroreport.

[130]  R. Hari,et al.  Spatiotemporal characteristics of sensorimotor neuromagnetic rhythms related to thumb movement , 1994, Neuroscience.

[131]  M. Petrides,et al.  Differential activation of the human orbital, mid-ventrolateral, and mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the processing of visual stimuli , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[132]  R. Hari,et al.  Human cortical oscillations: a neuromagnetic view through the skull , 1997, Trends in Neurosciences.

[133]  G. Buzsáki,et al.  Hippocampal network patterns of activity in the mouse , 2003, Neuroscience.

[134]  R. Hari,et al.  Suppression of magnetic μ rhythm during parkinsonian tremor , 1993, Brain Research.

[135]  Ravi S. Menon,et al.  Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[136]  A. Ioannides,et al.  Linear transformations of data space in MEG. , 1999, Physics in medicine and biology.

[137]  R. Hari On Brain's Magnetic Responses to Sensory Stimuli , 1991, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[138]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Time‐dependent changes in effective connectivity measured with PET , 1993 .

[139]  L. Kaufman,et al.  Visually evoked magnetic fields of the human brain , 1975, Science.

[140]  G. A. Miller,et al.  Comparison of different cortical connectivity estimators for high‐resolution EEG recordings , 2007, Human brain mapping.

[141]  P. Basser,et al.  MR diffusion tensor spectroscopy and imaging. , 1994, Biophysical journal.

[142]  O. Jensen,et al.  Frontal theta activity in humans increases with memory load in a working memory task , 2002, The European journal of neuroscience.

[143]  O. Jensen,et al.  A New Method to Identify Multiple Sources of Oscillatory Activity from Magnetoencephalographic Data , 2002, NeuroImage.

[144]  Richard M. Leahy,et al.  Source localization using recursively applied and projected (RAP) MUSIC , 1997, Conference Record of the Thirty-First Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (Cat. No.97CB36136).

[145]  Joachim Gross,et al.  Gamma Oscillations in Human Primary Somatosensory Cortex Reflect Pain Perception , 2007, PLoS biology.

[146]  R. Llinás The intrinsic electrophysiological properties of mammalian neurons: insights into central nervous system function. , 1988, Science.

[147]  R. Hari,et al.  Magnetoencephalographic 10-Hz rhythm from the human auditory cortex , 1991, Neuroscience Letters.

[148]  M. Scherg,et al.  Frequency-Specific Sources of the Auditory N19-P30-P50 Response Detected by a Multiple Source Analysis of Evoked Magnetic Fields and Potentials , 1989 .

[149]  Samuel J. Williamson,et al.  Advances in Biomagnetism , 1990, Springer US.

[150]  David Poeppel,et al.  Reconstructing spatio-temporal activities of neural sources using an MEG vector beamformer technique , 2001, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[151]  O. Bertrand,et al.  Oscillatory Synchrony between Human Extrastriate Areas during Visual Short-Term Memory Maintenance , 2001, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[152]  A. E. Schulman,et al.  Functional coupling of human cortical sensorimotor areas during bimanual skill acquisition. , 1999, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[153]  R. Salmelin,et al.  Distinct time courses of word and context comprehension in the left temporal cortex. , 1998, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[154]  T. Inouye,et al.  Medial prefrontal cortex generates frontal midline theta rhythm. , 1999, Neuroreport.

[155]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Dynamic causal modelling , 2003, NeuroImage.

[156]  R. Hari,et al.  Phase locking between human primary and secondary somatosensory cortices , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[157]  S. Taulu,et al.  Suppression of Interference and Artifacts by the Signal Space Separation Method , 2003, Brain Topography.

[158]  Robert Oostenveld,et al.  Localizing human visual gamma-band activity in frequency, time and space , 2006, NeuroImage.

[159]  Wilkin Chau,et al.  Determination of activation areas in the human auditory cortex by means of synthetic aperture magnetometry , 2003, NeuroImage.

[160]  M. Butz,et al.  Oscillatory coupling in writing and writer’s cramp , 2006, Journal of Physiology-Paris.

[161]  A. Schnitzler,et al.  Asymmetry of interhemispheric interaction in left-handed subjects , 2006, Experimental Brain Research.

[162]  Markus Butz,et al.  Intercerebellar Coupling Contributes to Bimanual Coordination , 2007, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[163]  Roger B. H. Tootell,et al.  The advantage of combining MEG and EEG: Comparison to fMRI in focally stimulated visual cortex , 2007, NeuroImage.

[164]  R. Ilmoniemi,et al.  Magnetoencephalography-theory, instrumentation, and applications to noninvasive studies of the working human brain , 1993 .

[165]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Where bottom-up meets top-down: neuronal interactions during perception and imagery. , 2004, Cerebral cortex.

[166]  M. Rosenblum,et al.  Detecting direction of coupling in interacting oscillators. , 2001, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[167]  Matthew A. Lambon Ralph,et al.  Lateralization of ventral and dorsal auditory-language pathways in the human brain , 2005, NeuroImage.

[168]  David Hinkley,et al.  Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife , 2008 .

[169]  Werner Lutzenberger,et al.  Magnetoencephalographic gamma-band responses to illusory triangles in humans , 2004, NeuroImage.

[170]  Michael J. Aminoff,et al.  Chapter 3 – Electroencephalography: General Principles and Clinical Applications , 2005 .

[171]  N. Oishi,et al.  Neural correlates of regional EEG power change , 2007, NeuroImage.

[172]  R. Hari,et al.  Dynamics of brain activation during picture naming , 1994, Nature.

[173]  J.C. Mosher,et al.  Multiple dipole modeling and localization from spatio-temporal MEG data , 1992, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[174]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Evoked brain responses are generated by feedback loops , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[175]  Robert Oostenveld,et al.  Motor-cortical beta oscillations are modulated by correctness of observed action , 2008, NeuroImage.

[176]  H Petsche,et al.  Synchronization between temporal and parietal cortex during multimodal object processing in man. , 1999, Cerebral cortex.

[177]  Matthew J. Brookes,et al.  Beamformer reconstruction of correlated sources using a modified source model , 2007, NeuroImage.

[178]  J. Xiong,et al.  Intersubject Variability in Cortical Activations during a Complex Language Task , 2000, NeuroImage.

[179]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Dynamic causal modelling of evoked responses: The role of intrinsic connections , 2007, NeuroImage.

[180]  J. Millichap,et al.  Brain Activity During Reading , 1995 .

[181]  H. Berger,et al.  Über das Elektrenkephalogramm des Menschen , 1937, Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten.

[182]  Michael J. Aminoff,et al.  Electrodiagnosis in Clinical Neurology , 1980 .

[183]  Jürgen Kurths,et al.  Detection of n:m Phase Locking from Noisy Data: Application to Magnetoencephalography , 1998 .

[184]  P. Basser,et al.  Estimation of the effective self-diffusion tensor from the NMR spin echo. , 1994, Journal of magnetic resonance. Series B.

[185]  F. Babiloni,et al.  Assessing cortical functional connectivity by linear inverse estimation and directed transfer function: simulations and application to real data , 2005, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[186]  B.D. Van Veen,et al.  Beamforming: a versatile approach to spatial filtering , 1988, IEEE ASSP Magazine.

[187]  L. Kaufman,et al.  Modulation of Spontaneous Brain Activity during Mental Imagery , 1990, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[188]  Kimron Shapiro,et al.  Modulation of long-range neural synchrony reflects temporal limitations of visual attention in humans. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[189]  J. Fell,et al.  Phase/amplitude reset and theta–gamma interaction in the human medial temporal lobe during a continuous word recognition memory task , 2005, Hippocampus.

[190]  W. Singer Synchronization of cortical activity and its putative role in information processing and learning. , 1993, Annual review of physiology.

[191]  Silke Dodel,et al.  Functional connectivity: studying nonlinear, delayed interactions between BOLD signals , 2003, NeuroImage.

[192]  Koichi Sameshima,et al.  Using partial directed coherence to describe neuronal ensemble interactions , 1999, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[193]  M. Greicius,et al.  Default-mode network activity distinguishes Alzheimer's disease from healthy aging: Evidence from functional MRI , 2004, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.

[194]  R. Oostenveld,et al.  Theta and Gamma Oscillations Predict Encoding and Retrieval of Declarative Memory , 2006, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[195]  R Salmelin,et al.  The 3D topography of MEG source localization accuracy: effects of conductor model and noise , 2003, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[196]  S. Baillet,et al.  Localization of realistic cortical activity in MEG using current multipoles , 2004, NeuroImage.

[197]  R. Hari,et al.  Characterization of spontaneous MEG rhythms in healthy adults. , 1994, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[198]  Alexander Münchau,et al.  Investigating the human mirror neuron system by means of cortical synchronization during the imitation of biological movements , 2006, NeuroImage.

[199]  Rainer Goebel,et al.  Mapping directed influence over the brain using Granger causality and fMRI , 2005, NeuroImage.

[200]  R. Hari,et al.  Studies of auditory evoked magnetic and electric responses: Modality specificity and modelling , 1983 .

[201]  G. Tononi,et al.  Breakdown of Cortical Effective Connectivity During Sleep , 2005, Science.

[202]  P Rappelsberger,et al.  Long-range EEG synchronization during word encoding correlates with successful memory performance. , 2000, Brain research. Cognitive brain research.

[203]  L. Kaufman,et al.  Somatically Evoked Magnetic Fields of the Human Brain , 1978, Science.

[204]  J. Sarvas,et al.  Mixed and sensory nerve stimulations activate different cytoarchitectonic areas in the human primary somatosensory cortex SI , 1986, Experimental Brain Research.

[205]  Luiz A. Baccalá,et al.  Partial directed coherence: a new concept in neural structure determination , 2001, Biological Cybernetics.

[206]  G. McCarthy,et al.  Language-Related ERPs: Scalp Distributions and Modulation by Word Type and Semantic Priming , 1994, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[207]  Peter C. M. Molenaar,et al.  Frequency domain simultaneous source and source coherence estimation with an application to MEG , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[208]  Karl J. Friston Another Neural Code? , 1997, NeuroImage.

[209]  F. Varela,et al.  Perception's shadow: long-distance synchronization of human brain activity , 1999, Nature.

[210]  T. Yoshimoto,et al.  Recent Advances in Biomagnetism , 2007 .

[211]  M. Hallett,et al.  Integrative visuomotor behavior is associated with interregionally coherent oscillations in the human brain. , 1998, Journal of neurophysiology.

[212]  C. Schreiner,et al.  Low-frequency oscillations of visual, auditory and somatosensory cortical neurons evoked by sensory stimulation. , 1997, International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.

[213]  H. Gastaut [Electrocorticographic study of the reactivity of rolandic rhythm]. , 1952, Revue neurologique.

[214]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Modelling functional integration: a comparison of structural equation and dynamic causal models , 2004, NeuroImage.