The significant impact of a set of topologies on wireless sensor networks

Routing and topology control for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is significantly important to achieve energy efficiency in resource-constrained WSNs, and high-speed packet delivery. In this article, we introduce a framework for WSN that combines three design approaches: (1) clustering, (2) routing, and (3) topology control. In this framework, we implement an energy-efficient zone-based topology and routing protocol. The framework features a new set of graphs referred to as the Mini Gabriel (MG) graphs. The simulation results demonstrate that the framework with the MG graphs and without these graphs are generally 28% better than the framework with an existing geometric graph. This is in terms of the total network energy consumptions. In addition, the proposed framework is 10, 25, 26, and 46% better than the proposed work with an existing geometric graph in terms of the end-to-end data transmission delay, the transmission energy consumptions, the number of hops in established paths and the routing delay, respectively. Moreover, the MG demonstrates that it achieves the connectivity property, which is critical for WSNs.