Using plant population biology in weed research : a strategy to improve weed management

Summary: The aim of this paper is to show the need for developing plant population biology studies in order to improve weed management when traditional approaches in weed science have failed, as shown by recent reviews on herbicide resistance. It is also suggested that the usual weed definitions do not reflect the new aims of weed ecology. The results of studies on the genetic, demographic and spatial variability of weed populations and their regulation by pests and pathogens are reported, and are discussed in the specific case of clonal perennial species. Resume: Le but de cet article est de montrer le besoin de developper des etudes sur la biologie des populations de plantes pour ameliorer le desherbage quand les approches traditionnelles de malherbologie echouaient, comme l'ont montre de rtcentes mises au point sur la resistance aux herbicides. II est aussi avance que les definitions habituelles concemant les adventices ne refletent pas les nouveaux buts de I'ecologie des mauvaises herbes. Les resultats d'etudes sur les variabilites genetiques, demographiques et spatiales des populations d'adventices et leur regulation par les ravageurs et pathogenes sont donnes et sont discutes dans le cas specifique d'especes clonales perennes. Zusammenfassung: Aufgrund aktueller Ubersichtsarbeiten zur Herbizidresistenz sind Untersuchungen zur Populationsbiologie der Pflanzen erforderlich, um die Unkrautbekampfung zu verbessern, wenn herkommliche Ansatze der Herbologie versagen. Die bisherigen Unkraut-Definitionen spiegeln nicht die neuen Ziele der Unkrautokologie wider. Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen zur genetischen, demographischen und raumlichen Variabilitat von Unkrautpopulationen und ihre Regulation durch Krankheiten und Schadlinge wurden zusammengetragen und zum speziellen Fall der klonischen ausdauernden Arten diskutiert.

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