Interplay Between Reproduction and Age Selective Harvesting Delays of a Single Population Non-Autonomous System

This paper is concerned with an analysis of the dynamics of a non-autonomous, single population age based growth model with harvesting formulation. First, we derive sufficient conditions for permanence and positive invariance. Then, by constructing a scalar function, namely the Lyapunov function, we arrive at a suitable criterion for global attractivity. With the help of Brouwer fixed point and continuation theorems, we obtain constraints for the existence of a positive periodic solution. Then we prove that there exists only one solution which is almost periodic in nature that is distinct from every other solution. Further, we carry out a numerical simulation to support the analytical findings.

[1]  P. Verhulst Notice sur la loi que la population pursuit dans son accroissement , 1838 .

[2]  L. Brouwer Über Abbildung von Mannigfaltigkeiten , 1911 .

[3]  L. Brouwer Über Abbildung von Mannigfaltigkeiten , 1911 .

[4]  B. Singh,et al.  Investigation of the Effect of Age on Assimilation of Leaves , 1935 .

[5]  E. M. Wright A non-linear difference-differential equation. , 1946 .

[6]  S. Lefschetz Contributions to the theory of nonlinear oscillations , 1950 .

[7]  S. Jones,et al.  Observations on the life-history of the Indian shad,Hilsa ilisha (Hamilton) , 1951, Proceedings / Indian Academy of Sciences.

[8]  R. Freeland EFFECT OF AGE OF LEAVES UPON THE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN SOME CONIFERS. , 1952, Plant physiology.

[9]  W J Cunningham,et al.  A NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL-DIFFERENCE EQUATION OF GROWTH. , 1954, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[10]  J. C. Schmulbach Factors affecting the harvest of fish in the Des Moines River, Boone County, Iowa , 1959 .

[11]  Robert Bartle,et al.  The Elements of Real Analysis , 1977, The Mathematical Gazette.

[12]  David M. Auslander,et al.  Dynamics of interacting populations , 1974 .

[13]  G. Oster,et al.  Models for Age‐Specific Interactions in a Periodic Environment , 1974 .

[14]  James A. Yorke,et al.  On the Stability of a Periodic Solution of a Differential Delay Equation , 1975 .

[15]  Robert M. May,et al.  Time delays are not necessarily destabilizing , 1975 .

[16]  R. Gaines,et al.  Coincidence Degree and Nonlinear Differential Equations , 1977 .

[17]  William Gurney,et al.  Instability and complex dynamic behaviour in population models with long time delays , 1982 .

[18]  G. Seifert,et al.  On a delay-differential equation for single specie population variations , 1987 .

[19]  Hans-Otto Walther,et al.  The 2-dimensional attractor of x'(t)=-μx(t)+f(x(t-1)) , 1995 .

[20]  Hans-Otto Walther,et al.  The 2-dimensional attractor of ’()=-()+((-1)) , 1995 .

[21]  Rodriguez Time delays in density dependence are often not destabilizing , 1998, Journal of theoretical biology.

[22]  B. Bond Age-related changes in photosynthesis of woody plants. , 2000, Trends in plant science.

[23]  Yang Kuang,et al.  Dynamics of a nonautonomous predator-prey system with the Beddington-DeAngelis functional response , 2004 .

[24]  R. Viadero Factors Affecting Fish Growth and Production , 2005 .

[25]  S. Ruan DELAY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN SINGLE SPECIES DYNAMICS , 2006 .

[26]  Julien Arino,et al.  An alternative formulation for a delayed logistic equation. , 2006, Journal of theoretical biology.

[27]  Yasuhiro Takeuchi,et al.  Permanence, extinction and periodic solution of predator–prey system with Beddington–DeAngelis functional response , 2006 .

[28]  Paul J. B. Hart,et al.  Intraspecific food competition in fishes , 2006 .

[29]  Yuming Chen,et al.  Stability of the boundary solution of a nonautonomous predator–prey system with the Beddington–DeAngelis functional response , 2008 .

[30]  Meng Fan,et al.  Study on a non-autonomous predator-prey system with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response , 2008, Math. Comput. Model..

[31]  M. Wilberg,et al.  Incorporating Time-Varying Catchability into Population Dynamic Stock Assessment Models , 2009 .

[32]  U. Bhaumik The fishery of Indian Shad (Tenualosa ilisha) in the Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system , 2011 .

[33]  Y. Kuang Delay Differential Equations: With Applications in Population Dynamics , 2012 .

[34]  Brett A. Bryan,et al.  Variance-based sensitivity analysis of a forest growth model , 2012 .

[35]  A. Stevens Dynamics of Predation , 2012 .

[36]  Martin F. Quaas,et al.  Optimal Harvest in an Age Structured Model with Different Fishing Selectivity , 2012 .

[37]  Amjad Ali,et al.  Puffer fish menace in Kerala: a case of decline in predatory control in the southeastern Arabian Sea , 2013 .

[38]  A. Mohamed,et al.  Astock Assessment and Management of Hilsa Shad (Tenualosa ilisha) in Iraqi Marine Waters, Northwest Arabian Gulf , 2014 .

[39]  Xinhong Zhang,et al.  Periodic solutions of coupled systems on networks with both time-delay and linear coupling , 2015 .

[40]  Y. Takeuchi,et al.  Dynamics of the density dependent and nonautonomous predator-prey systemwith Beddington-DeAngelis functional response , 2015 .

[41]  Alam,et al.  Length-weight relationship and GSI of hilsa , Tenualosa ilisha ( hamilton , 1822 ) fishes in Meghna river , Bangladesh , 2015 .

[42]  M. Hossain,et al.  Habitats across the life cycle of hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) in aquatic ecosystem of Bangladesh , 2016 .

[43]  Debaldev Jana,et al.  On the stability and Hopf bifurcation of a prey-generalist predator system with independent age-selective harvesting , 2016 .

[44]  Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay,et al.  Ecological dynamics of age selective harvesting of fish population: Maximum sustainable yield and its control strategy , 2016 .

[45]  M. Rahman,et al.  On-board Breeding Trial of Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha, Ham. 1822) and Testing of Larval Rearing in Bangladesh , 2017 .

[46]  Jeroen Steenbeek,et al.  A protocol for the intercomparison of marine fishery and ecosystem models : Fish-MIP v1.0 , 2017 .

[47]  Context-dependent interactions and the regulation of species richness in freshwater fish , 2018, Nature Communications.

[48]  G. Samanta,et al.  Interplay between reproduction and age selective harvesting: A case study of Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) fish at Sundarban estuary of northern Bay of Bengal, India , 2019, International Journal of Biomathematics.

[49]  Jai Prakash Tripathi,et al.  Almost periodic solution and global attractivity for a density dependent predator-prey system with mutual interference and Crowley–Martin response function , 2020 .

[50]  permanence , 2020, Mathematics for Human Flourishing.