Dynamic centrifuge is critical equipment used in inertial components performance test in a simulated dynamic acceleration environment. Accuracy of the physical simulation and test results will be directly affected by whether the output of the components under test can be captured accurately and in real-time. Considering the data acquisition of the components test requires high measurement accuracy and real-time synchronism, a data acquisition system for dynamic simulation centrifuge test was designed. Adopting data acquisition card NI PXIe-6358, digital signal interface cards NI PXI-8512/6584, NI FlexRIO FPGA Modules 7952R and the controller NI PXIe-8133 to achieve modular integrated, fast, synchronism and high precision data acquisition and processing system. Sampling time is no more than 0.5ms, integrated measurement accuracy of the system is in 10−3V order of magnitude, and the sampling point and the synchronism to the centrifuge control system error is less than 0.1ms.