Nuclear steam generator design

Steam generators are used in pressurized water reactors and CANDU pressurized heavy-water reactors around the world. Although there are some exceptions, the vast majority of these steam generators are vertical, recirculating steam generators which are the focus of this chapter. The design process is laid out, where the steam generator is developed from the tube bundle and its performance functional requirements, through explanation of circulation and the development of the circulating loop within the steam generator. Then key elements of the circulating loop, such as tube supports, steam-water separators, the annulus and wrapper, and the feedwater system, are described. The process goes from a functional specification to a finished design, complete with full stress analysis of the pressure boundary.