Experimental information complementarity of two-qubit states

The concept of information offers a more complete description of complementarity than the traditional approach based on observables. We present the first experimental test of information complementarity for two-qubit pure states, achieving close agreement with theory. We also explore the distribution of information in a comprehensive range of mixed states. Our results highlight the strange and subtle properties of even the simplest quantum systems; for example, entanglement can be increased by reducing the correlations between two subsystems. Complementarity reveals trade-offs between knowledge of physical observables. The best- known example is wave-particle duality: a single quantum system may exhibit wave and/or particle properties, depending on the experimental context. For a system in a two-mode interferometer, this is quantitatively expressed by the fact that the interference visibility V and the mode predictability P have to satisfy (1, 2) V 2 +P 2 6 1.

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