Surfactant strengthens the inhibitory effect of C-reactive protein on human lung macrophage cytokine release.

In this study we investigated the effect of acute-phase levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) on cytokine production by pulmonary macrophages in the presence or absence of pulmonary surfactant. Both human alveolar and interstitial macrophages as well as human surfactant were obtained from multiple organ donor lungs. Precultured macrophages were stimulated with LPS alone or together with IFN-gamma in the presence or absence of CRP, surfactant, and combinations. Releases of TNF-alpha and of IL-1beta to the medium were determined. We found that CRP could modulate lung inflammation in humans by decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines by both alveolar and interstitial macrophages stimulated with LPS alone or together with IFN-gamma. The potential interaction between CRP and surfactant phospholipids did not overcome the effect of either CRP or surfactant on TNF-alpha and IL-1beta release by lung macrophages. On the contrary, CRP and pulmonary surfactant together had a greater inhibitory effect than either alone on the release of proinflammatory cytokines by lung macrophages.

[1]  Irving Kushner,et al.  C‐reactive protein increases production of IL‐1α, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α, and expression of mRNA by human alveolar macrophages , 1993, Journal of Leukocyte Biology.

[2]  J. Volanakis,et al.  C-Reactive Protein: Structural Biology and Host Defense Function , 1999, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

[3]  J. Wright,et al.  Expression of C-reactive protein by alveolar macrophages. , 1996, Journal of immunology.

[4]  C. Casals,et al.  Solubility of hydrophobic surfactant proteins in organic solvent/water mixtures. Structural studies on SP-B and SP-C in aqueous organic solvents and lipids. , 1993, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[5]  B. Thompson,et al.  Impact of C-reactive protein (CRP) on surfactant function. , 1989, The Journal of trauma.

[6]  J. Tebo,et al.  Characterization and isolation of a C-reactive protein receptor from the human monocytic cell line U-937. , 1990, Journal of immunology.

[7]  J. Wright Immunomodulatory functions of surfactant. , 1997, Physiological reviews.

[8]  J. Tebo,et al.  Binding of human C-reactive protein to mouse macrophages is mediated by distinct receptors. , 1989, Journal of immunology.

[9]  T. Martin Recognition of bacterial endotoxin in the lungs. , 2000, American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology.

[10]  J. Johansson,et al.  Structural Basis for Interactions between Lung Surfactant Protein C and Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide* , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[11]  U. Seydel,et al.  Surfactant protein a inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced immune cell activation by preventing the interaction of lipopolysaccharide with lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. , 2002, American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology.

[12]  J. Balibrea,et al.  Effect of pentoxifylline and somatostatin on tumour necrosis factor production by human pulmonary macrophages. , 1994, Circulatory shock.

[13]  S. Nomura,et al.  Pulmonary surfactant protein A modulates the cellular response to smooth and rough lipopolysaccharides by interaction with CD14. , 1999, Journal of immunology.

[14]  H. Wiedemann,et al.  Synthetic surfactant (Exosurf) inhibits endotoxin-stimulated cytokine secretion by human alveolar macrophages. , 1992, American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology.

[15]  K. Siziopikou,et al.  Impaired tumoricidal function of alveolar macrophages from patients with non‐small cell lung cancer , 1991, Cancer.

[16]  J. Thyberg,et al.  Amyloid fibril formation by pulmonary surfactant protein C , 1999, FEBS letters.

[17]  K. Keough,et al.  Phosphocholine reverses inhibition of pulmonary surfactant adsorption caused by C-reactive protein. , 1995, The American journal of physiology.

[18]  T. Hyers,et al.  Human C-reactive protein inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro: possible implications for the adult respiratory distress syndrome. , 1990, The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine.

[19]  C-reactive protein binding to FcgRIIa on human monocytes , 2000 .

[20]  H. Towbin,et al.  Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. , 1979, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[21]  R. Veldhuizen,et al.  The role of lipids in pulmonary surfactant. , 1998, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[22]  A. Anzueto,et al.  Bronchopulmonary segmental lavage with Surfaxin (KL(4)-surfactant) for acute respiratory distress syndrome. , 1999, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[23]  T. D. Du Clos Function of C-reactive protein , 2000, Annals of medicine.

[24]  C. Marsh,et al.  Immunosuppressive properties of surfactant and plasma on alveolar macrophages. , 1995, The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine.

[25]  A. Jobe,et al.  Surfactant for acute respiratory distress syndrome. , 1997, Advances in internal medicine.

[26]  S. Wood,et al.  The physiological structure of human C-reactive protein and its complex with phosphocholine. , 1999, Structure.

[27]  C. Marsh,et al.  Acute phase levels of C-reactive protein enhance IL-1 beta and IL-1ra production by human blood monocytes but inhibit IL-1 beta and IL-1ra production by alveolar macrophages. , 1996, Journal of immunology.

[28]  O. H. Lowry,et al.  Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. , 1951, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[29]  C. Casals,et al.  Comparison between intra- and extracellular surfactant in respiratory distress induced by oleic acid. , 1989, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[30]  J. Balibrea,et al.  Evidence for a cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent, carbon monoxide-mediated, signaling system in the regulation of TNF-alpha production by human pulmonary macrophages. , 1995, Archives of surgery.

[31]  J. Balibrea,et al.  Effect of surfactant protein A (SP-A) on the production of cytokines by human pulmonary macrophages. , 2000, Shock.

[32]  R. Heuertz,et al.  Role of C-reactive protein in acute lung injury. , 1997, Molecular medicine today.

[33]  C. R. Reed,et al.  Surfactant chemical composition and biophysical activity in acute respiratory distress syndrome. , 1991, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[34]  C. Casals,et al.  Increase of C-reactive protein and decrease of surfactant protein A in surfactant after lung transplantation. , 1998, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[35]  P. Nibbering,et al.  Pulmonary surfactant inhibits activation of human monocytes by recombinant interferon-gamma. , 1994, Immunology.

[36]  J. Balibrea,et al.  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced inhibition of phosphatidylcholine synthesis by human type II pneumocytes is partially mediated by prostaglandins. , 1994, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[37]  T. D. Du Clos,et al.  Function of C-reactive protein. , 2000 .

[38]  A. Jobe,et al.  Surfactant and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. , 1993, The American review of respiratory disease.

[39]  R. Chaby,et al.  Interaction of bacterial lipopolysaccharide with mouse surfactant protein C inserted into lipid vesicles. , 2001, American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology.