The Internet is a network of Autonomous Systems (ASes) comprising of a complex and complicated ecosystem of networks used for a wide variety of applications. ASes exhibit varied functionality and communicate according to predefined rules to maintain distinct business objectives; termed intra-AS relations. These relations are one of two types: customer-provider (hierarchical) or peering (flat). Recent studies of intra-AS relations indicate the gradual transition of the Internet ecosystem from the hierarchical structure to a flatter peering architecture [1]. This infrastructure level flattening is characterized by the constant growth, rewiring and deaths of inter-AS links. Primary driving forces behind these changes are economic; especially the meteoric rise in popularity of organizations such as Facebook, Google, Yahoo and Microsoft, who have lately deployed large, private WAN infrastructures [1]. The transition from the hierarchical Internet has also accelerated with the deployment of multiple Internet eXchange Points (IXPs) worldwide, the facilitator of peering. Numerous peering links (between ASes) at these IXPs have recently been uncovered but their effects on Internet topology and inter-domain routing performance not yet examined.
[1]
Michalis Faloutsos,et al.
Lord of the links: a framework for discovering missing links in the internet topology
,
2009,
IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw..
[2]
Jyuo-Min Shyu,et al.
Accelerating String Matching Using Multi-Threaded Algorithm on GPU
,
2010,
2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010.
[3]
Brice Augustin,et al.
IXPs: mapped?
,
2009,
IMC '09.
[4]
John R. Gilbert,et al.
Solving path problems on the GPU
,
2010,
Parallel Comput..
[5]
Zongpeng Li,et al.
The Flattening Internet Topology: Natural Evolution, Unsightly Barnacles or Contrived Collapse?
,
2008,
PAM.
[6]
Lixia Zhang,et al.
Observing the evolution of internet as topology
,
2007,
SIGCOMM 2007.
[7]
Priya Mahadevan,et al.
Lessons from Three Views of the Internet Topology
,
2005,
ArXiv.