3D Printed Functional and Biological Materials on Moving Freeform Surfaces

Conventional 3D printing technologies typically rely on open-loop, calibrate-then-print operation procedures. An alternative approach is adaptive 3D printing, which is a closed-loop method that combines real-time feedback control and direct ink writing of functional materials in order to fabricate devices on moving freeform surfaces. Here, it is demonstrated that the changes of states in the 3D printing workspace in terms of the geometries and motions of target surfaces can be perceived by an integrated robotic system aided by computer vision. A hybrid fabrication procedure combining 3D printing of electrical connects with automatic pick-and-placing of surface-mounted electronic components yields functional electronic devices on a free-moving human hand. Using this same approach, cell-laden hydrogels are also printed on live mice, creating a model for future studies of wound-healing diseases. This adaptive 3D printing method may lead to new forms of smart manufacturing technologies for directly printed wearable devices on the body and for advanced medical treatments.

[1]  James J. S. Norton,et al.  Materials and Optimized Designs for Human‐Machine Interfaces Via Epidermal Electronics , 2013, Advanced materials.

[2]  Alexandra L. Rutz,et al.  Three-dimensional printing of high-content graphene scaffolds for electronic and biomedical applications. , 2015, ACS nano.

[3]  Martine Dubé,et al.  Three‐Dimensional Printing of Multifunctional Nanocomposites: Manufacturing Techniques and Applications , 2016, Advanced materials.

[4]  Yonggang Huang,et al.  Fully implantable, battery-free wireless optoelectronic devices for spinal optogenetics , 2017, Pain.

[5]  Manuel Schaffner,et al.  3D printing of bacteria into functional complex materials , 2017, Science Advances.

[6]  Taeghwan Hyeon,et al.  Extremely Vivid, Highly Transparent, and Ultrathin Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes , 2018, Advanced materials.

[7]  Sean Follmer,et al.  Wolverine: A wearable haptic interface for grasping in virtual reality , 2016, 2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS).

[8]  Michael C. McAlpine,et al.  3D Printed Anatomical Nerve Regeneration Pathways , 2015, Advanced functional materials.

[9]  Ye Wang,et al.  Foundry: Hierarchical Material Design for Multi-Material Fabrication , 2016, UIST.

[10]  Alexander P. Haring,et al.  3D printed conformal microfluidics for isolation and profiling of biomarkers from whole organs. , 2017, Lab on a chip.

[11]  Takao Someya,et al.  Printable elastic conductors with a high conductivity for electronic textile applications , 2015, Nature Communications.

[12]  Dong Jun Lee,et al.  Transparent and Stretchable Interactive Human Machine Interface Based on Patterned Graphene Heterostructures , 2015 .

[13]  John A Rogers,et al.  Miniaturized Battery‐Free Wireless Systems for Wearable Pulse Oximetry , 2017, Advanced functional materials.

[14]  J. R. Raney,et al.  Hybrid 3D Printing of Soft Electronics , 2017, Advanced materials.

[15]  Michael C. McAlpine,et al.  Graphene-based wireless bacteria detection on tooth enamel , 2012, Nature Communications.

[16]  Donhee Ham,et al.  Gigahertz Electromagnetic Structures via Direct Ink Writing for Radio‐Frequency Oscillator and Transmitter Applications , 2017, Advanced materials.

[17]  M. Nishizawa,et al.  Accelerated Wound Healing on Skin by Electrical Stimulation with a Bioelectric Plaster , 2017, Advanced healthcare materials.

[18]  Reed A. Johnson,et al.  Toward inkjet additive manufacturing directly onto human anatomy , 2017 .

[19]  Takao Someya,et al.  Inflammation-free, gas-permeable, lightweight, stretchable on-skin electronics with nanomeshes. , 2017, Nature nanotechnology.

[20]  Phillip Won,et al.  A soft, wearable microfluidic device for the capture, storage, and colorimetric sensing of sweat , 2016, Science Translational Medicine.

[21]  R. Mezzenga,et al.  Gelatin–Graphene Nanocomposites with Ultralow Electrical Percolation Threshold , 2016, Advanced materials.

[22]  Julien Penders,et al.  Variable-length accelerometer features and electromyography to improve accuracy of fetal kicks detection during pregnancy using a single wearable device , 2017, 2017 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical & Health Informatics (BHI).

[23]  Vincent Hayward,et al.  Wearable Haptic Systems for the Fingertip and the Hand: Taxonomy, Review, and Perspectives , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Haptics.

[24]  J. Lewis,et al.  Fugitive Inks for Direct‐Write Assembly of Three‐Dimensional Microvascular Networks , 2005 .

[25]  Benjamin C. K. Tee,et al.  Stretchable Organic Solar Cells , 2011, Advanced materials.

[26]  Michael C. McAlpine,et al.  3D Printed Stretchable Tactile Sensors , 2017, Advanced materials.

[27]  Cheng Xu,et al.  3D Orthogonal Woven Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Effective Biomechanical Energy Harvesting and as Self‐Powered Active Motion Sensors , 2017, Advanced materials.

[28]  OxmanNeri,et al.  Grown, Printed, and Biologically Augmented: An Additively Manufactured Microfluidic Wearable, Functionally Templated for Synthetic Microbes , 2016 .

[29]  Justin A. Blanco,et al.  Dissolvable films of silk fibroin for ultrathin conformal bio-integrated electronics. , 2010, Nature materials.

[30]  J. Lewis,et al.  Printing soft matter in three dimensions , 2016, Nature.

[31]  Sam Emaminejad,et al.  Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis , 2016, Nature.

[32]  Michael C. McAlpine,et al.  3D printed quantum dot light-emitting diodes. , 2014, Nano letters.

[33]  Hye Rim Cho,et al.  Wearable/disposable sweat-based glucose monitoring device with multistage transdermal drug delivery module , 2017, Science Advances.

[34]  Ji Hoon Kim,et al.  Wearable red–green–blue quantum dot light-emitting diode array using high-resolution intaglio transfer printing , 2015, Nature Communications.

[35]  Reed A. Johnson,et al.  3D bioprinting directly onto moving human anatomy , 2017, 2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS).

[36]  John A Rogers,et al.  Soft, stretchable, fully implantable miniaturized optoelectronic systems for wireless optogenetics , 2015, Nature Biotechnology.

[37]  Leonhard M. Reindl,et al.  Wireless Readout of Passive LC Sensors , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.