Semiconductor polymeric graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysts: the “holy grail” for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction under visible light

Graphitic carbon nitrides and their composites with various morphologies and bandgaps engineered for the hydrogen evolution reaction under visible light are reviewed.

[1]  Jianghua Li,et al.  Origin of the enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of CNT modified g-C3N4 for H2 production. , 2014, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[2]  Manas R. Parida,et al.  Dendritic Tip-on Polytriazine-Based Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst with High Hydrogen Evolution Activity , 2015 .

[3]  Haitao Huang,et al.  Protonation of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4) for an Electrostatically Self-Assembling Carbon@g-C3N4 Core–Shell Nanostructure toward High Hydrogen Evolution , 2017 .

[4]  Yasuhiro Shiraishi,et al.  Platinum nanoparticles strongly associated with graphitic carbon nitride as efficient co-catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light. , 2014, Chemical communications.

[5]  Yang Xia,et al.  Effect of carbon-dots modification on the structure and photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 , 2016 .

[6]  Ying Li,et al.  Crystallinity Modulation of Layered Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities , 2016, Chemistry.

[7]  Yujing Li,et al.  Novel PtCo alloy nanoparticle decorated 2D g-C3N4 nanosheets with enhanced photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution under visible light irradiation , 2015 .

[8]  A. Habibi-Yangjeh,et al.  Ternary magnetic g-C3N4/Fe3O4/AgI nanocomposites: Novel recyclable photocatalysts with enhanced activity in degradation of different pollutants under visible light , 2016 .

[9]  Shifu Chen,et al.  Coupled systems for selective oxidation of aromatic alcohols to aldehydes and reduction of nitrobenzene into aniline using CdS/g-C3N4 photocatalyst under visible light irradiation , 2014 .

[10]  Lin-Wang Wang,et al.  Thermodynamic Oxidation and Reduction Potentials of Photocatalytic Semiconductors in Aqueous Solution , 2012, 1203.1970.

[11]  Jinghai Liu,et al.  Dispersed conductive polymer nanoparticles on graphitic carbon nitride for enhanced solar-driven hydrogen evolution from pure water. , 2013, Nanoscale.

[12]  L. Qu,et al.  Graphene/graphitic carbon nitride hybrids for catalysis , 2017 .

[13]  G. Spada,et al.  Guanosine hydrogen-bonded scaffolds: a new way to control the bottom-up realisation of well-defined nanoarchitectures. , 2009, Chemistry.

[14]  Esa Jaatinen,et al.  Supported silver nanoparticles as photocatalysts under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation , 2010 .

[15]  A. Habibi-Yangjeh,et al.  Novel ternary g-C3N4/Fe3O4/Ag2CrO4 nanocomposites: magnetically separable and visible-light-driven photocatalysts for degradation of water pollutants , 2016 .

[16]  Xuerong Han,et al.  Novel mesoporous TiO2@g-C3N4 hollow core@shell heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activity for water treatment and H2 production under simulated sunlight. , 2018, Journal of hazardous materials.

[17]  Liu,et al.  Stability of carbon nitride solids. , 1994, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[18]  E. Yang,et al.  MIS‐Schottky theory under conditions of optical carrier generation in solar cells , 1976 .

[19]  X. Bai,et al.  A facile dissolution strategy facilitated by H2SO4 to fabricate a 2D metal-free g-C3N4/rGO heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic H2 production , 2018 .

[20]  M. Jaroniec,et al.  Preparation and Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic H2-Production Activity of Graphene/C3N4 Composites , 2011 .

[21]  Jun Lou,et al.  Large scale growth and characterization of atomic hexagonal boron nitride layers. , 2010, Nano letters.

[22]  Jianshe Liu,et al.  Semiconductor heterojunction photocatalysts: design, construction, and photocatalytic performances. , 2014, Chemical Society reviews.

[23]  Lisong Xiao,et al.  Visible-light-drived high photocatalytic activities of Cu/g-C3N4 photocatalysts for hydrogen production , 2016 .

[24]  Z. Zou,et al.  Photodegradation performance of g-C3N4 fabricated by directly heating melamine. , 2009, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[25]  Zhichuan J. Xu,et al.  Graphitic C3N4 modified by Ni2P cocatalyst: An efficient, robust and low cost photocatalyst for visible-light-driven H2 evolution from water , 2017 .

[26]  Yuanyi Zheng,et al.  "Alternated cooling and heating" strategy enables rapid fabrication of highly-crystalline g-C3N4 nanosheets for efficient photocatalytic water purification under visible light irradiation , 2018, Carbon.

[27]  Li Xu,et al.  Reactable ionic liquid assisted solvothermal synthesis of graphite-like C3N4 hybridized α-Fe2O3 hollow microspheres with enhanced supercapacitive performance , 2014 .

[28]  Jiaguo Yu,et al.  g‐C3N4‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts , 2018 .

[29]  T. Yoko,et al.  Enhanced photocurrent in thin film TiO2 electrodes prepared by sol–gel method , 2001 .

[30]  Yuexiang Li,et al.  Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution over Erythrosin B-sensitized graphitic carbon nitride with in situ grown molybdenum sulfide cocatalyst , 2015 .

[31]  P. Fang,et al.  Highly Efficient Visible-Light-Induced Photoactivity of Z-Scheme g-C3N4/Ag/MoS2 Ternary Photocatalysts for Organic Pollutant Degradation and Production of Hydrogen , 2017 .

[32]  Jiaguo Yu,et al.  Shape-dependent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity over a Pt nanoparticle coupled g-C3N4 photocatalyst. , 2016, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[33]  Q. Yu,et al.  Template free fabrication of porous g-C3N4/graphene hybrid with enhanced photocatalytic capability under visible light , 2014 .

[34]  Yan Gong,et al.  Soluble, Antibaterial, and Anticorrosion Studies of Sulfonated Polystyrene/Polyaniline/Silver Nanocomposites Prepared with the Sulfonated Polystyrene Template , 2017 .

[35]  M. Antonietti,et al.  A metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light. , 2009, Nature materials.

[36]  Qian Yang,et al.  Mesoporous g-C3N4 nanosheets prepared by calcining a novel supramolecular precursor for high-efficiency photocatalytic hydrogen evolution , 2018, Applied Surface Science.

[37]  Ying-jie Sun,et al.  Enhanced Schottky effect of a 2D-2D CoP/g-C3N4 interface for boosting photocatalytic H2 evolution. , 2018, Nanoscale.

[38]  Quan-hong Yang,et al.  Facile Synthesis of Crystalline Polymeric Carbon Nitrides with an Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance under Visible Light , 2015 .

[39]  Yuanjian Zhang,et al.  Molecular engineering of polymeric carbon nitride: advancing applications from photocatalysis to biosensing and more. , 2018, Chemical Society reviews.

[40]  Gang Chen,et al.  Facile approach to synthesize g-PAN/g-C3N4 composites with enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution activity. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[41]  Gongxuan Lu,et al.  Enhanced Electron Transfer from the Excited Eosin Y to mpg-C3N4 for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution under 550 nm Irradiation , 2012 .

[42]  Yasuhiro Shiraishi,et al.  Pt-Cu bimetallic alloy nanoparticles supported on anatase TiO2: highly active catalysts for aerobic oxidation driven by visible light. , 2013, ACS nano.

[43]  B. Fang,et al.  Ag-Based nanocomposites: synthesis and applications in catalysis. , 2019, Nanoscale.

[44]  Yongfan Zhang,et al.  Tri-s-triazine-Based Crystalline Graphitic Carbon Nitrides for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Photocatalysis , 2016 .

[45]  Quan-hong Yang,et al.  Holey Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Carbon Vacancies for Highly Improved Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production , 2015 .

[46]  Jungang Hou,et al.  A unique Z-scheme 2D/2D nanosheet heterojunction design to harness charge transfer for photocatalysis , 2015 .

[47]  A. Habibi-Yangjeh,et al.  Ternary g-C3N4/ZnO/AgCl nanocomposites: Synergistic collaboration on visible-light-driven activity in photodegradation of an organic pollutant , 2015 .

[48]  S. Kaneco,et al.  Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Activity of g-C3N4/Ag3PO4 Hybrid Photocatalysts through Z-Scheme Photocatalytic Mechanism under Visible Light , 2014 .

[49]  Zhaohui Li,et al.  An amine-functionalized titanium metal-organic framework photocatalyst with visible-light-induced activity for CO2 reduction. , 2012, Angewandte Chemie.

[50]  S. Louie,et al.  Theoretical investigation of graphitic carbon nitride and possible tubule forms , 1997 .

[51]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Polymer semiconductors for artificial photosynthesis: hydrogen evolution by mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride with visible light. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[52]  W. Schnick,et al.  Poly(triazine imide) with intercalation of lithium and chloride ions [(C3N3)2(NH(x)Li(1-x))3⋅LiCl]: a crystalline 2D carbon nitride network. , 2011, Chemistry.

[53]  C. Ziegler,et al.  Crystalline carbon nitride nanosheets for improved visible-light hydrogen evolution. , 2014, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[54]  K. Zhao,et al.  Carbon self-doping induced high electronic conductivity and photoreactivity of g-C3N4. , 2012, Chemical communications.

[55]  Deli Jiang,et al.  Two-Dimensional CaIn₂S₄/g-C₃N₄ Heterojunction Nanocomposite with Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activities: Interfacial Engineering and Mechanism Insight. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[56]  M. Claeys‐Bruno,et al.  s-Heptazine oligomers: promising structural models for graphitic carbon nitride , 2015, Chemical science.

[57]  K. Domen,et al.  Photocatalytic Water Splitting: Recent Progress and Future Challenges , 2010 .

[58]  Jinhua Ye,et al.  Hydrogen production using zinc-doped carbon nitride catalyst irradiated with visible light , 2011, Science and technology of advanced materials.

[59]  Jindui Hong,et al.  Porous carbon nitride nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic activities. , 2014, Nanoscale.

[60]  Xi‐Wen Du,et al.  Porous P-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for synergistically enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2 production , 2015 .

[61]  Yong Wang,et al.  Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride as a heterogeneous organocatalyst: from photochemistry to multipurpose catalysis to sustainable chemistry. , 2012, Angewandte Chemie.

[62]  Cuncai Lv,et al.  Ni12P5 nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst for hydrogen generation via electrolysis and photoelectrolysis. , 2014, ACS nano.

[63]  L. Pauling,et al.  The Structure of Cyameluric Acid, Hydromelonic Acid and Related Substances. , 1937, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[64]  D. Peng,et al.  Toward noble-metal-free visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution: Monodisperse sub–15 nm Ni2P nanoparticles anchored on porous g-C3N4 nanosheets to engineer 0D-2D heterojunction interfaces , 2018 .

[65]  N. Mott The Theory of Crystal Rectifiers , 1939 .

[66]  Kazuhiro Takanabe,et al.  Synthesis of a carbon nitride structure for visible-light catalysis by copolymerization. , 2010, Angewandte Chemie.

[67]  Arunava Gupta,et al.  A Facile Electrochemical Reduction Method for Improving Photocatalytic Performance of α-Fe2O3 Photoanode for Solar Water Splitting. , 2017, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[68]  Jinhua Ye,et al.  In Situ Bond Modulation of Graphitic Carbon Nitride to Construct p–n Homojunctions for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production , 2016 .

[69]  Ying Zhang,et al.  Shape Effects of Cu2O Polyhedral Microcrystals on Photocatalytic Activity , 2010 .

[70]  Shaowen Cao,et al.  Large impact of heating time on physical properties and photocatalytic H2 production of g-C3N4 nanosheets synthesized through urea polymerization in Ar atmosphere , 2013 .

[71]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Carbon nitride nanosheets for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution: remarkably enhanced activity by dye sensitization , 2013 .

[72]  J. Yates,et al.  Band bending in semiconductors: chemical and physical consequences at surfaces and interfaces. , 2012, Chemical reviews.

[73]  Christoph Strunk,et al.  Contacting carbon nanotubes selectively with low-ohmic contacts for four-probe electric measurements , 1998 .

[74]  Yi Du,et al.  Bismuth Oxybromide with Reasonable Photocatalytic Reduction Activity under Visible Light , 2014 .

[75]  J. Reynolds,et al.  Color control in pi-conjugated organic polymers for use in electrochromic devices. , 2010, Chemical reviews.

[76]  P. McMillan,et al.  Electronic and Structural Properties of Two-Dimensional Carbon Nitride Graphenes , 2008 .

[77]  Weidong Shi,et al.  One-Step Nickel Foam Assisted Synthesis of Holey G-Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalytic H2 Evolution. , 2018, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[78]  Haoran Wang,et al.  CeVO 4 nanofibers hybridized with g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets with enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity , 2018 .

[79]  Z. Zou,et al.  Synthesis of carbon black/carbon nitride intercalation compound composite for efficient hydrogen production. , 2014, Dalton transactions.

[80]  Wei Chen,et al.  Simple pyrolysis of urea into graphitic carbon nitride with recyclable adsorption and photocatalytic activity , 2011 .

[81]  A. Rougier,et al.  Characterization of pulsed laser deposited WO3 thin films for electrochromic devices , 1999 .

[82]  Yong Zhou,et al.  Polyhedral 30‐Faceted BiVO4 Microcrystals Predominantly Enclosed by High‐Index Planes Promoting Photocatalytic Water‐Splitting Activity , 2018, Advanced materials.

[83]  Ying-hua Liang,et al.  Efficient visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and enhanced photostability of core@shell Cu2O@g-C3N4 octahedra , 2015 .

[84]  Chenglong Hu,et al.  A comparison study of alkali metal-doped g-C 3 N 4 for visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution , 2017 .

[85]  Wenzhi Li,et al.  Synthesis of direct Z-scheme g-C3N4/Ag2VO2PO4 photocatalysts with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity , 2018 .

[86]  T. Majima,et al.  Phase Effect of NixPy Hybridized with g-C3N4 for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. , 2017, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[87]  Jinhua Ye,et al.  Nature-Inspired Environmental "Phosphorylation" Boosts Photocatalytic H2 Production over Carbon Nitride Nanosheets under Visible-Light Irradiation. , 2015, Angewandte Chemie.

[88]  Lingyan Zhu,et al.  Novel mesoporous graphite carbon nitride/BiOI heterojunction for enhancing photocatalytic performance under visible-light irradiation. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[89]  Ling Wu,et al.  Au and Pt co-loaded g-C3N4 nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light irradiation , 2015 .

[90]  T. Majima,et al.  Metal-Free Photocatalyst for H2 Evolution in Visible to Near-Infrared Region: Black Phosphorus/Graphitic Carbon Nitride. , 2017, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[91]  Lei Ge,et al.  Synthesis and Efficient Visible Light Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of Polymeric g-C3N4 Coupled with CdS Quantum Dots , 2012 .

[92]  Yan-Jie Wang,et al.  Orchestrated photocatalytic hydrogen generation using surface-adsorbing iridium photosensitizers. , 2015, Chemical communications.

[93]  P. Kamat Manipulation of Charge Transfer Across Semiconductor Interface. A Criterion That Cannot Be Ignored in Photocatalyst Design. , 2012, The journal of physical chemistry letters.

[94]  Yujing Li,et al.  AuPd bimetallic nanoparticles decorated graphitic carbon nitride for highly efficient reduction of water to H2 under visible light irradiation , 2015 .

[95]  K. Parida,et al.  Exfoliated metal free homojunction photocatalyst prepared by a biomediated route for enhanced hydrogen evolution and Rhodamine B degradation , 2017 .

[96]  Yiwei Zhang,et al.  One-pot synthesis of K-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible-light irradiation , 2018 .

[97]  S. Pané,et al.  Self-assembled materials and supramolecular chemistry within microfluidic environments: from common thermodynamic states to non-equilibrium structures , 2018, Chemical Society reviews.

[98]  A. Salem,et al.  Structure and optical properties of chemically deposited Sb2S3 thin films , 2001 .

[99]  Gang Liu,et al.  g-C(3)N(4) coated SrTiO(3) as an efficient photocatalyst for H(2) production in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation , 2011 .

[100]  E. Waclawik,et al.  Heterojunctions between amorphous and crystalline niobium oxide with enhanced photoactivity for selective aerobic oxidation of benzylamine to imine under visible light , 2015 .

[101]  Jinlong Yang,et al.  Enhanced photocatalytic mechanism for the hybrid g-C3N4/MoS2 nanocomposite , 2014 .

[102]  L. Niu,et al.  Non-covalent doping of graphitic carbon nitride polymer with graphene: controlled electronic structure and enhanced optoelectronic conversion , 2011 .

[103]  Jiaguo Yu,et al.  Graphene-Based Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Generation. , 2013, The journal of physical chemistry letters.

[104]  H. Arakawa,et al.  Semiconductor-sensitized solar cells based on nanocrystalline In2S3/In2O3 thin film electrodes , 2000 .

[105]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Synthesis of bulk and nanoporous carbon nitride polymers from ammonium thiocyanate for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution , 2011 .

[106]  Junfa Zhu,et al.  Fabrication of composite photocatalyst g-C3N4-ZnO and enhancement of photocatalytic activity under visible light. , 2012, Dalton transactions.

[107]  G. Wijs,et al.  The electronic structure of tantalum (oxy)nitrides TaON and Ta3N5 , 2001 .

[108]  J. Chen,et al.  Syntheses, structures and thermal properties of two new copper(II) melamine complexes , 2006 .

[109]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Phosphorus-doped carbon nitride solid: enhanced electrical conductivity and photocurrent generation. , 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[110]  G. Whitesides,et al.  Structural Preferences of Hydrogen-Bonded Networks in Organic Solution - the Cyclic CA3.cntdot.M3 "Rosette" , 1994 .

[111]  Jae Sung Lee,et al.  Heterojunction BiVO4/WO3 electrodes for enhanced photoactivity of water oxidation , 2011 .

[112]  Yuanjian Zhang,et al.  Solution-based processing of carbon nitride composite for boosted photocatalytic activities , 2017 .

[113]  P. Ajayan,et al.  Capillarity-induced filling of carbon nanotubes , 1993, Nature.

[114]  T. Bein,et al.  Electron collection in host-guest nanostructured hematite photoanodes for water splitting: the influence of scaffold doping density. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[115]  W. Schnick,et al.  New light on an old story: formation of melam during thermal condensation of melamine. , 2007, Chemistry.

[116]  Anran Liu,et al.  Dissolution and liquid crystals phase of 2D polymeric carbon nitride. , 2015, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[117]  K. Parida,et al.  An overview of the structural, textural and morphological modulations of g-C3N4 towards photocatalytic hydrogen production , 2016 .

[118]  Yihe Zhang,et al.  Template-free precursor-surface-etching route to porous, thin g-C3N4 nanosheets for enhancing photocatalytic reduction and oxidation activity , 2017 .

[119]  T. Xie,et al.  Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of NiCoP/g-C3 N4 with Improved Separation Efficiency and Charge Transfer Efficiency. , 2018, ChemSusChem.

[120]  Huibo Wang,et al.  One-step synthesis of CoO/g-C3N4 composites by thermal decomposition for overall water splitting without sacrificial reagents , 2017 .

[121]  Zhongyi Jiang,et al.  Thylakoid-Inspired Multishell g-C3N4 Nanocapsules with Enhanced Visible-Light Harvesting and Electron Transfer Properties for High-Efficiency Photocatalysis. , 2017, ACS nano.

[122]  H. J. Lucas,et al.  Some Derivatives of Cyameluric Acid and Probable Structures of Melam, Melem and Melon , 1940 .

[123]  T. Peng,et al.  Highly Asymmetric Phthalocyanine as a Sensitizer of Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Extremely Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Production under Near-Infrared Light , 2014 .

[124]  Jianrong Qiu,et al.  Synthesis and luminescence mechanism of multicolor-emitting g-C3N4 nanopowders by low temperature thermal condensation of melamine , 2013, Scientific Reports.

[125]  B. Liu,et al.  Sulfur-Mediated Self-Templating Synthesis of Tapered C-PAN/g-C3N4 Composite Nanotubes toward Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Evolution , 2016 .

[126]  Junhong Chen,et al.  Strongly Coupled Ternary Hybrid Aerogels of N-deficient Porous Graphitic-C3N4 Nanosheets/N-Doped Graphene/NiFe-Layered Double Hydroxide for Solar-Driven Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation. , 2016, Nano letters.

[127]  Arne Thomas,et al.  Boosting Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution with an Integrated Nickel Phosphide-Carbon Nitride System. , 2017, Angewandte Chemie.

[128]  Tang Xu,et al.  Construction of high-dispersed Ag/Fe3O4/g-C3N4 photocatalyst by selective photo-deposition and improved photocatalytic activity , 2016 .

[129]  Yongsheng Zhu,et al.  Layered nanojunctions for hydrogen-evolution catalysis. , 2013, Angewandte Chemie.

[130]  H. Wan,et al.  Novel visible-light-driven AgX/graphite-like C3N4 (X = Br, I) hybrid materials with synergistic photocatalytic activity , 2013 .

[131]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Synthesis of g‐C3N4 Nanoparticles in Mesoporous Silica Host Matrices , 2005 .

[132]  Xiaobo Li,et al.  Solar hydrogen from an aqueous, noble-metal-free hybrid system in a continuous-flow sampling reaction system. , 2014, Chemistry.

[133]  W. Schottky,et al.  Zur Halbleitertheorie der Sperrschicht- und Spitzengleichrichter , 1939 .

[134]  M. Xing,et al.  Self-modified breaking hydrogen bonds to highly crystalline graphitic carbon nitrides nanosheets for drastically enhanced hydrogen production , 2018, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental.

[135]  Xiaoping Dong,et al.  Recent development in exfoliated two-dimensional g-C3N4 nanosheets for photocatalytic applications , 2015 .

[136]  Lih-Juann Chen,et al.  Enhancement of water splitting by controlling the amount of vacancies with varying vacuum level in the synthesis system of SnO2-x/In2O3-y heterostructure as photocatalyst , 2018 .

[137]  M. Antonietti,et al.  A facile molten-salt route to graphene synthesis. , 2014, Small.

[138]  Yong Zhou,et al.  State‐of‐the‐Art Progress in Diverse Heterostructured Photocatalysts toward Promoting Photocatalytic Performance , 2015 .

[139]  Chen,et al.  Electrostatic sample-tip interactions in the scanning tunneling microscope. , 1993, Physical review letters.

[140]  Shaowen Cao,et al.  Red phosphor/g-C3N4 heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activities for solar fuels production , 2013 .

[141]  Xiaobo Chen,et al.  Bifunctional Cu3P Decorated g-C3N4 Nanosheets as a Highly Active and Robust Visible-Light Photocatalyst for H2 Production , 2018 .

[142]  Hui Huang,et al.  Total photocatalysis conversion from cyclohexane to cyclohexanone by C3N4/Au nanocomposites , 2014 .

[143]  K. Parida,et al.  ZnCr2O4@ZnO/g-C3N4: A Triple-Junction Nanostructured Material for Effective Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution under Visible Light , 2017 .

[144]  Ying Dai,et al.  In-Situ-Reduced Synthesis of Ti³⁺ Self-Doped TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ Heterojunctions with High Photocatalytic Performance under LED Light Irradiation. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[145]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Ordered Mesoporous SBA-15 Type Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Semiconductor Host Structure for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution with Visible Light , 2009 .

[146]  Yan Zhang,et al.  Seed-induced growing various TiO₂ nanostructures on g-C₃N₄ nanosheets with much enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light. , 2015, Journal of hazardous materials.

[147]  Xiaobo Chen,et al.  Fabricating the Robust g-C3N4 Nanosheets/Carbons/NiS Multiple Heterojunctions for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Generation: An Insight into the Trifunctional Roles of Nanocarbons , 2017 .

[148]  Liping Li,et al.  Facile synthesis of composite g-C3N4/WO3: a nontoxic photocatalyst with excellent catalytic activity under visible light , 2013 .

[149]  P. Ajayan,et al.  Exfoliated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets as Efficient Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Under Visible Light , 2013, Advanced materials.

[150]  Zushun Xu,et al.  The chemical modification of polyaniline with enhanced properties: A review , 2019, Progress in Organic Coatings.

[151]  Jiaguo Yu,et al.  g-C3N4-Based Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Generation. , 2014, The journal of physical chemistry letters.

[152]  Xiufang Chen,et al.  Facile synthesis of phosphorus doped graphitic carbon nitride polymers with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity , 2013 .

[153]  Changcun Han,et al.  Synthesis of MWNTs/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts with efficient visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity , 2012 .

[154]  Yan‐Zhen Zheng,et al.  Fabrication of CoTiO3/g-C3N4 Hybrid Photocatalysts with Enhanced H2 Evolution: Z-Scheme Photocatalytic Mechanism Insight. , 2016, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[155]  M. Turner,et al.  Nanoparticle-polymer photovoltaic cells. , 2008, Advances in colloid and interface science.

[156]  Xile Hu,et al.  Nanostructured hydrotreating catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution. , 2014, Chemical Society reviews.

[157]  Wenjun Jiang,et al.  Polyaniline/Carbon Nitride Nanosheets Composite Hydrogel: A Separation-Free and High-Efficient Photocatalyst with 3D Hierarchical Structure. , 2016, Small.

[158]  Jiaguo Yu,et al.  Making co-condensed amorphous carbon/g-C3N4 composites with improved visible-light photocatalytic H2-production performance using Pt as cocatalyst , 2017 .

[159]  关伟,et al.  原位聚合PPy/g-C 3 N 4 复合物增强可见光催化性能 , 2018 .

[160]  G. Stucky,et al.  From Melamine‐Cyanuric Acid Supramolecular Aggregates to Carbon Nitride Hollow Spheres , 2013 .

[161]  C. Breyer,et al.  Sustainability guardrails for energy scenarios of the global energy transition , 2018, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.

[162]  Hironori Arakawa,et al.  Direct splitting of water under visible light irradiation with an oxide semiconductor photocatalyst , 2001, Nature.

[163]  G. Dong,et al.  A fantastic graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) material: Electronic structure, photocatalytic and photoelectronic properties , 2014 .

[164]  R. Jin,et al.  Macroscopic Foam‐Like Holey Ultrathin g‐C3N4 Nanosheets for Drastic Improvement of Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity , 2016 .

[165]  Bin Luo,et al.  Two-dimensional g-C3N4/Ca2Nb2TaO10 nanosheet composites for efficient visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution , 2017 .

[166]  Joon-Yeob Lee,et al.  Synthesis of MoS2 nanosheets loaded ZnO–g-C3N4 nanocomposites for enhanced photocatalytic applications , 2016 .

[167]  Shiguo Zhang,et al.  Direct Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Materials from Protic Ionic Liquids and Protic Salts: Structural and Physicochemical Correlations between Precursor and Carbon , 2014 .

[168]  Siang-Piao Chai,et al.  Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4)-Based Photocatalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis and Environmental Remediation: Are We a Step Closer To Achieving Sustainability? , 2016, Chemical reviews.

[169]  Yuanjian Zhang,et al.  Competitive Multiple-Mechanism-Driven Electrochemiluminescent Detection of 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. , 2018, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[170]  D. Macfarlane,et al.  Thermal degradation of cyano containing ionic liquids , 2006 .

[171]  Tarasankar Pal,et al.  Interparticle coupling effect on the surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles: from theory to applications. , 2007, Chemical reviews.

[172]  B. Tang,et al.  NIR light induced H2 evolution by a metal-free photocatalyst. , 2015, Chemical communications.

[173]  N. Umezawa,et al.  Determination of Crystal Structure of Graphitic Carbon Nitride: Ab Initio Evolutionary Search and Experimental Validation , 2017 .

[174]  Guosong Hong,et al.  MoS2 nanoparticles grown on graphene: an advanced catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. , 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[175]  Jie Huang,et al.  Synthesis of g-C3N4/TiO2 with enhanced photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution by a simple method , 2014 .

[176]  Zhihong Wang,et al.  In situ ionic-liquid-assisted synthesis of plasmonic photocatalyst Ag/AgBr/g-C3N4 with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity , 2015 .

[177]  Xianzhi Fu,et al.  Rapid preparation of Bi2WO6 photocatalyst with nanosheet morphology via microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis , 2008 .

[178]  Yongfa Zhu,et al.  Enhancement of visible light photocatalytic activities via porous structure of g-C3N4 , 2014 .

[179]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Exfoliation of crystalline 2D carbon nitride: thin sheets, scrolls and bundles via mechanical and chemical routes. , 2013, Macromolecular rapid communications.

[180]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Z-scheme mechanism of photogenerated carriers for hybrid photocatalyst Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 in degradation of sulfamethoxazole. , 2017, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[181]  Huijun Zhao,et al.  Earth-abundant Ni2P/g-C3N4 lamellar nanohydrids for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and bacterial inactivation under visible light irradiation , 2017 .

[182]  Yuxin Yang,et al.  Preparation and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of graphitic carbon nitride/bismuth niobate heterojunctions. , 2013, Journal of hazardous materials.

[183]  Yiming Li,et al.  Constructing a novel ternary composite (C16H33(CH3)3N)4W10O32/g-C3N4/rGO with enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity for degradation of dyes and phenol , 2017 .

[184]  L. Qu,et al.  One-step preparation of iodine-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as efficient photocatalysts for visible light water splitting , 2015 .

[185]  Hongwei Tan,et al.  Efficient visible-light-driven selective oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide by oxygen-enriched graphitic carbon nitride polymers , 2018 .

[186]  T. Komatsu Attempted chemical synthesis of graphite-likecarbon nitride , 2001 .

[187]  Shaozheng Hu,et al.  Construction of a 2D/2D g-C3N4/rGO hybrid heterojunction catalyst with outstanding charge separation ability and nitrogen photofixation performance via a surface protonation process , 2016 .

[188]  Xu‐Bing Li,et al.  Enhanced Driving Force and Charge Separation Efficiency of Protonated g-C3N4 for Photocatalytic O2 Evolution , 2015 .

[189]  Mingzai Wu,et al.  A review on g-C3N4 for photocatalytic water splitting and CO2 reduction , 2015 .

[190]  Yihe Zhang,et al.  In Situ Co-Crystallization for Fabrication of g-C3N4/Bi5O7I Heterojunction for Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalysis , 2015 .

[191]  Shijian Zhou,et al.  A Facile One‐Step Synthesis of Fe‐Doped g‐C3N4 Nanosheets and Their Improved Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Performance , 2017 .

[192]  P. Wasserscheid,et al.  Ionic Liquids-New "Solutions" for Transition Metal Catalysis. , 2000, Angewandte Chemie.

[193]  Abdullah M. Asiri,et al.  Modulating Crystallinity of Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Oxidation of Alcohols. , 2017, ChemSusChem.

[194]  Rafael Luque,et al.  Magnetically recoverable nanocatalysts. , 2011, Chemical reviews.

[195]  M. Bagheri-Mohagheghi,et al.  The effect of the post-annealing temperature on the nano-structure and energy band gap of SnO2 semiconducting oxide nano-particles synthesized by polymerizing–complexing sol–gel method , 2008 .

[196]  W. Yao,et al.  Significantly enhancement of photocatalytic performances via core-shell structure of ZnO@mpg-C3N4 , 2014 .

[197]  S. Ogale,et al.  Doubling of photocatalytic H2 evolution from g-C3N4 via its nanocomposite formation with multiwall carbon nanotubes: Electronic and morphological effects , 2012 .

[198]  Huimin Zhao,et al.  Graphene oxide modified g-C3N4 hybrid with enhanced photocatalytic capability under visible light irradiation , 2012 .

[199]  R. Schlögl,et al.  Graphitic carbon nitride materials: variation of structure and morphology and their use as metal-free catalysts , 2008 .

[200]  G. Tamizhmani,et al.  Study of electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties of nickel phosphide semiconductors , 1989 .

[201]  F. Chang,et al.  Fabrication, characterization, and photocatalytic performance of exfoliated g-C3N4–TiO2 hybrids , 2014 .

[202]  Pingquan Wang,et al.  g-C3N4/Bi4O5I2 heterojunction with I3−/I− redox mediator for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 conversion , 2016 .

[203]  Ling Wu,et al.  M@MIL-100(Fe) (M = Au, Pd, Pt) nanocomposites fabricated by a facile photodeposition process: Efficient visible-light photocatalysts for redox reactions in water , 2015, Nano Research.

[204]  Xiaodong Chen,et al.  Efficient Ag@AgCl Cubic Cage Photocatalysts Profit from Ultrafast Plasmon‐Induced Electron Transfer Processes , 2013 .

[205]  Dan Wu,et al.  Alkali-Induced in Situ Fabrication of Bi2O4-Decorated BiOBr Nanosheets with Excellent Photocatalytic Performance , 2016 .

[206]  H Zhao,et al.  A photochemical synthesis route to typical transition metal sulfides as highly efficient cocatalyst for hydrogen evolution: from the case of NiS/g-C3N4 , 2018, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental.

[207]  M. Gao,et al.  Fabrication of Z-scheme g-C3N4/RGO/Bi2WO6 photocatalyst with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity , 2016 .

[208]  Juan Li,et al.  In situ growing Bi2MoO6 on g-C3N4 nanosheets with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and disinfection of bacteria under visible light irradiation. , 2017, Journal of hazardous materials.

[209]  Juming Yao,et al.  Facile Gel-Based Morphological Control of Ag/g-C3N4 Porous Nanofibers for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation , 2017 .

[210]  Jun Jiang,et al.  Two-dimensional g-C(3)N(4): an ideal platform for examining facet selectivity of metal co-catalysts in photocatalysis. , 2014, Chemical communications.

[211]  Cornelia Gertina Catharina Elizabeth van Sittert,et al.  Insights into the photocatalytic mechanism of mediator-free direct Z-scheme g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6(010) and g-C3N4/Bi2WO6(010) heterostructures: A hybrid density functional theory study , 2018 .

[212]  Shuangquan Zang,et al.  Indirect Z-Scheme BiOI/g-C3N4 Photocatalysts with Enhanced Photoreduction CO2 Activity under Visible Light Irradiation. , 2016, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[213]  Russell J. Hemley,et al.  Low-Compressibility Carbon Nitrides , 1996, Science.

[214]  Suojiang Zhang,et al.  Urea-derived graphitic carbon nitride as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for CO2 conversion into cyclic carbonates , 2014 .

[215]  Yong Zhou,et al.  Hexahedron Prism-Anchored Octahedronal CeO2: Crystal Facet-Based Homojunction Promoting Efficient Solar Fuel Synthesis. , 2015, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[216]  F. Chen,et al.  In situ self-transformation synthesis of g-C3N4-modified CdS heterostructure with enhanced photocatalytic activity , 2015 .

[217]  Qingyu Xu,et al.  Facile preparation of g-C3N4 modified BiOCl hybrid photocatalyst and vital role of frontier orbital energy levels of model compounds in photoactivity enhancement. , 2014, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[218]  Cancan Wang,et al.  Photocatalyzed Facile Synthesis of α-Chloro Aryl Ketones with Polyaniline–g-C3N4–TiO2 Composite under Visible Light , 2017 .

[219]  Yun Zhao,et al.  In situ ion exchange synthesis of MoS2/g-C3N4 heterojunctions for highly efficient hydrogen production , 2018 .

[220]  W. Ho,et al.  In situ construction of g-C3N4/g-C3N4 metal-free heterojunction for enhanced visible-light photocatalysis. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[221]  Junfa Zhu,et al.  Facile fabrication of CdS-metal-organic framework nanocomposites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for organic transformation , 2015, Nano Research.

[222]  Wei Che,et al.  Fast Photoelectron Transfer in (Cring)-C3N4 Plane Heterostructural Nanosheets for Overall Water Splitting. , 2017, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[223]  Shenggao Wang,et al.  Enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activities of Bi2Fe4O9/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts , 2018, Materials Research Bulletin.

[224]  D. Sherrington,et al.  Self-assembly in synthetic macromolecular systems via multiple hydrogen bonding interactions , 2001 .

[225]  Yun Hee Jang,et al.  Ionic Liquid Designed for PEDOT:PSS Conductivity Enhancement. , 2018, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[226]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution on dye-sensitized mesoporous carbon nitride photocatalyst with magnesium phthalocyanine. , 2010, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[227]  L. Gmelin Ueber einige Verbindungen des Melon's , 1835 .

[228]  Siang-Piao Chai,et al.  Heterostructured AgX/g-C3N4 (X = Cl and Br) nanocomposites via a sonication-assisted deposition-precipitation approach: Emerging role of halide ions in the synergistic photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide , 2016 .

[229]  Yuexiang Li,et al.  Eosin Y-sensitized graphitic carbon nitride fabricated by heating urea for visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution: the effect of the pyrolysis temperature of urea. , 2013, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[230]  Changcun Han,et al.  In situ synthesis and enhanced visible light photocatalytic activities of novel PANI–g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts , 2012 .

[231]  N. Mott Note on the contact between a metal and an insulator or semi-conductor , 1938 .

[232]  Yuxin Yang,et al.  Fabrication of Z-scheme plasmonic photocatalyst Ag@AgBr/g-C₃N₄ with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity. , 2014, Journal of hazardous materials.

[233]  Jun Cai,et al.  Synthesis, Characterization, and Activity Evaluation of DyVO4/g-C3N4 Composites under Visible-Light Irradiation , 2012 .

[234]  Jingxiang Zhao,et al.  Toward enhanced activity of a graphitic carbon nitride-based electrocatalyst in oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions via atomic sulfur doping , 2016 .

[235]  Ying Li,et al.  Environment-friendly preparation of porous graphite-phase polymeric carbon nitride using calcium carbonate as templates, and enhanced photoelectrochemical activity , 2015 .

[236]  Kong Linggang,et al.  Light-assisted rapid preparation of a Ni/g-C3N4 magnetic composite for robust photocatalytic H2 evolution from water , 2016 .

[237]  J. E. Lowther RELATIVE STABILITY OF SOME POSSIBLE PHASES OF GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDE , 1999 .

[238]  M. Bhunia,et al.  Harvesting solar light with crystalline carbon nitrides for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. , 2014, Angewandte Chemie.

[239]  I. Ortenburger,et al.  Band Structure and Reflectivity of GaN , 1974 .

[240]  Jiaguo Yu,et al.  Ag2CrO4/g-C3N4/graphene oxide ternary nanocomposite Z-scheme photocatalyst with enhanced CO2 reduction activity , 2018, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental.

[241]  K. Sumathy,et al.  A review and recent developments in photocatalytic water-splitting using TiO2 for hydrogen production , 2007 .

[242]  Francesco Scotognella,et al.  Plasmonic doped semiconductor nanocrystals: Properties, fabrication, applications and perspectives , 2017, 1701.05972.

[243]  Yan-Jie Wang,et al.  Photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water reduction using orchestrated photosensitizers , 2015 .

[244]  Wenbin Lin,et al.  Metal-organic frameworks for artificial photosynthesis and photocatalysis. , 2014, Chemical Society reviews.

[245]  Yuanjian Zhang,et al.  Soft and hard templating of graphitic carbon nitride , 2015 .

[246]  Guangfu Liao,et al.  A Novel Fluorescent Biosensor for Adenosine Triphosphate Detection Based on a Metal–Organic Framework Coating Polydopamine Layer , 2018, Materials.

[247]  Guofu Zhou,et al.  Facile Construction of Metal‐Free g‐C3N4 Isotype Heterojunction with Highly Enhanced Visible‐light Photocatalytic Performance , 2017 .

[248]  B. Fang,et al.  Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production in a UV-irradiated fluidized bed reactor , 2017 .

[249]  Likai Li,et al.  Black phosphorus field-effect transistors. , 2014, Nature nanotechnology.

[250]  Amit Kumar,et al.  Biochar-templated g-C3N4/Bi2O2CO3/CoFe2O4 nano-assembly for visible and solar assisted photo-degradation of paraquat, nitrophenol reduction and CO2 conversion , 2018 .

[251]  Zhengguo Zhang,et al.  In Situ Template-Free Ion-Exchange Process to Prepare Visible-Light-Active g-C3N4/NiS Hybrid Photocatalysts with Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Activity , 2014 .

[252]  A. Amarasekara Acidic Ionic Liquids. , 2016, Chemical reviews.

[253]  T. Jacob,et al.  Strong excitonic effects in the optical properties of graphitic carbon nitrideg-C3N4from first principles , 2013 .

[254]  Hui-Ming Cheng,et al.  Unique electronic structure induced high photoreactivity of sulfur-doped graphitic C3N4. , 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[255]  Cheng Sun,et al.  A novel ternary plasmonic photocatalyst: ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheet hybrided by Ag/AgVO3 nanoribbons with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance , 2015 .

[256]  Chao Xue,et al.  Facile fabrication of novel SiO2/g-C3N4 core–shell nanosphere photocatalysts with enhanced visible light activity , 2015 .

[257]  Anran Liu,et al.  Chemical Cleavage of Layered Carbon Nitride with Enhanced Photoluminescent Performances and Photoconduction. , 2015, ACS nano.

[258]  G. Qian,et al.  One-pot synthesis of copper-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet by heating Cu-melamine supramolecular network and its enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalysis , 2015 .

[259]  R. Sheldon,et al.  Biocatalysis in ionic liquids. , 2007, Chemical reviews.

[260]  L. Qu,et al.  Facile production of ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride nanoplatelets for efficient visible-light water splitting , 2015, Nano Research.

[261]  Hui‐Ming Cheng,et al.  An Amorphous Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst with Greatly Extended Visible‐Light‐Responsive Range for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation , 2015, Advanced materials.

[262]  L. Qu,et al.  Atomically Thin Mesoporous Nanomesh of Graphitic C₃N₄ for High-Efficiency Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. , 2016, ACS nano.

[263]  Xiaolai Wang,et al.  A scalable chemical route to soluble acidified graphitic carbon nitride: an ideal precursor for isolated ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets. , 2015, Nanoscale.

[264]  Ying-hua Liang,et al.  Stable Cu2O@g-C3N4 core@shell nanostructures: Efficient visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution , 2015 .

[265]  Yong Wang,et al.  Combination of carbon nitride and carbon nanotubes: synergistic catalysts for energy conversion. , 2014, ChemSusChem.

[266]  Li Li,et al.  Hollow Sphere TiO2–ZrO2 Prepared by Self-Assembly with Polystyrene Colloidal Template for Both Photocatalytic Degradation and H2 Evolution from Water Splitting , 2016 .

[267]  Quanjun Xiang,et al.  Low-temperature solid-state preparation of ternary CdS/g-C 3 N 4 /CuS nanocomposites for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H 2 -production activity , 2017 .

[268]  I. Bratu,et al.  The influence of alizarin and fluorescein on the photoactivity of Ni, Pt and Ru-doped TiO2 layers , 2013 .

[269]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Tuning of gallery heights in a crystalline 2D carbon nitride network , 2013 .

[270]  D. Reinhoudt,et al.  Thermodynamic stabilities of linear and crinkled tapes and cyclic rosettes in melamine--cyanurate assemblies: a model description. , 2001, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[271]  Zhiqun Lin,et al.  A Rapid Microwave-Assisted Thermolysis Route to Highly Crystalline Carbon Nitrides for Efficient Hydrogen Generation. , 2016, Angewandte Chemie.

[272]  Yuanjian Zhang,et al.  Coupling polymorphic nanostructured carbon nitrides into an isotype heterojunction with boosted photocatalytic H2 evolution. , 2017, Chemical communications.

[273]  Shiguo Zhang,et al.  Protic ionic liquids and salts as versatile carbon precursors. , 2014, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[274]  C. Petit,et al.  Carbon nitride nanosheet/metal–organic framework nanocomposites with synergistic photocatalytic activities , 2016 .

[275]  Say Chye Joachim Loo,et al.  In-situ growth of CdS quantum dots on g-C3N4 nanosheets for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation under visible light irradiation , 2013 .

[276]  U. Manzoor,et al.  Pd–Ag decorated g-C3N4 as an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under direct solar light irradiation , 2018 .

[277]  Jun Cai,et al.  Synthesis of g-C3N4/SmVO4 composite photocatalyst with improved visible light photocatalytic activities in RhB degradation , 2013 .

[278]  Jimmy C. Yu,et al.  Graphene and g-C3N4 nanosheets cowrapped elemental α-sulfur as a novel metal-free heterojunction photocatalyst for bacterial inactivation under visible-light. , 2013, Environmental science & technology.

[279]  B. Fang,et al.  Molecular engineering of photosensitizers for fast and stable photocatalytic hydrogen generation , 2015 .

[280]  S. Carabineiro,et al.  Graphitic carbon nitride: synthesis, properties, and applications in catalysis. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[281]  Ramachandra S. Hosmane,et al.  Synthesis and structure of tri-s-triazine , 1982 .

[282]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Triazoles: A New Class of Precursors for the Synthesis of Negatively Charged Carbon Nitride Derivatives , 2015 .

[283]  T. Majima,et al.  Defects rich g-C3N4 with mesoporous structure for efficient photocatalytic H2 production under visible light irradiation , 2018, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental.

[284]  N. Fujiwara,et al.  From metal-organic framework to nitrogen-decorated nanoporous carbons: high CO₂ uptake and efficient catalytic oxygen reduction. , 2014, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[285]  D. Peng,et al.  Ni12P5 nanoparticles embedded into porous g-C3N4 nanosheets as a noble-metal-free hetero-structure photocatalyst for efficient H2 production under visible light , 2017 .

[286]  Fa‐tang Li,et al.  Precipitation Synthesis of Mesoporous Photoactive Al2O3 for Constructing g-C3N4-Based Heterojunctions with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity , 2014 .

[287]  J. Cheon,et al.  Two-dimensional nanosheet crystals. , 2007, Angewandte Chemie.

[288]  Xiaohong Wang,et al.  Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic performance of novel visible-light-induced Ag/BiOI , 2012 .

[289]  Jiaxing Li,et al.  Correction: Rationally designed 1D Ag@AgVO3 nanowire/graphene/protonated g-C3N4 nanosheet heterojunctions for enhanced photocatalysis via electrostatic self-assembly and photochemical reduction methods , 2015, Journal of Materials Chemistry A.

[290]  Wei‐De Zhang,et al.  Porous Graphitic Carbon Nitride Derived from Melamine–Ammonium Oxalate Stacking Sheets with Excellent Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Activity , 2016 .

[291]  Zisheng Zhang,et al.  Ag2O/Ag3VO4/Ag4V2O7 heterogeneous photocatalyst prepared by a facile hydrothermal synthesis with enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation , 2016 .

[292]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Graphitic carbon nitride "reloaded": emerging applications beyond (photo)catalysis. , 2016, Chemical Society reviews.

[293]  E. Shin,et al.  Thermal formation effect of g-C3N4 structure on the visible light driven photocatalysis of g-C3N4/NiTiO3 Z-scheme composite photocatalysts , 2018, Applied Surface Science.

[294]  Jiaguo Yu,et al.  A facile hydrothermal synthesis of carbon dots modified g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic H2-evolution performance. , 2017, Dalton Transactions.

[295]  J. Xu,et al.  Chemical exfoliation of graphitic carbon nitride for efficient heterogeneous photocatalysis , 2013 .

[296]  Shaohua Shen,et al.  In-situ reduction synthesis of nano-sized Cu2O particles modifying g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production , 2014 .

[297]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Morphology control and photocatalysis enhancement by the one-pot synthesis of carbon nitride from preorganized hydrogen-bonded supramolecular precursors. , 2014, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[298]  Ashish Kumar,et al.  Two dimensional N-doped ZnO-graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets heterojunctions with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution , 2017 .

[299]  M. Kraft,et al.  Unique PCoN Surface Bonding States Constructed on g‐C3N4 Nanosheets for Drastically Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of H2 Evolution , 2017 .

[300]  Prashant V. Kamat,et al.  Semiconductor−Metal Composite Nanostructures. To What Extent Do Metal Nanoparticles Improve the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Films? , 2001 .

[301]  Zhiqun Lin,et al.  A highly stable non-noble metal Ni2P co-catalyst for increased H2 generation by g-C3N4 under visible light irradiation , 2017 .

[302]  Chunxiang Xu,et al.  Facile synthesis of g-C3N4/ZnO composite with enhanced visible light photooxidation and photoreduction properties , 2012 .

[303]  Feng Huang,et al.  Noble metal-free Ni(OH)2–g-C3N4 composite photocatalyst with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2-production activity , 2013 .

[304]  Y. Huang,et al.  Polymer composites of carbon nitride and poly(3-hexylthiophene) to achieve enhanced hydrogen production from water under visible light. , 2011, Chemical communications.

[305]  Jiaguo Yu,et al.  Efficient visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and enhanced photostability of core/shell CdS/g-C3N4 nanowires. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[306]  Huisheng Peng,et al.  Recent progress in solar cells based on one-dimensional nanomaterials , 2015 .

[307]  Junhong Chen,et al.  Constructing 2D Porous Graphitic C3N4 Nanosheets/Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene/Layered MoS2 Ternary Nanojunction with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Activity , 2013, Advanced materials.

[308]  S. Wuttke,et al.  Positioning metal-organic framework nanoparticles within the context of drug delivery - A comparison with mesoporous silica nanoparticles and dendrimers. , 2017, Biomaterials.

[309]  Piyong Zhang,et al.  Improving the photocatalytic hydrogen production of Ag/g-C3N4 nanocomposites by dye-sensitization under visible light irradiation. , 2016, Nanoscale.

[310]  Abdul Rahman Mohamed,et al.  Surface charge modification via protonation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for electrostatic self-assembly construction of 2D/2D reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/g-C3N4 nanostructures toward enhanced photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to methane , 2015 .

[311]  H. Teng,et al.  Extending the π-Conjugation of g-C3N4 by Incorporating Aromatic Carbon for Photocatalytic H2 Evolution from Aqueous Solution , 2016 .

[312]  G. Qian,et al.  Direct Synthesis of Porous Nanorod-Type Graphitic Carbon Nitride/CuO Composite from Cu-Melamine Supramolecular Framework towards Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance. , 2015, Chemistry, an Asian journal.

[313]  Huibo Wang,et al.  High-performance NiO/g-C3N4 composites for visible-light-driven photocatalytic overall water splitting , 2018 .

[314]  Subhajyoti Samanta,et al.  Facile Synthesis of Au/g‐C3N4 Nanocomposites: An Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Plasmonic Photocatalyst with Enhanced Hydrogen Gas Evolution Under Visible‐Light Irradiation , 2014 .

[315]  Anran Liu,et al.  Reversible Assembly of Graphitic Carbon Nitride 3D Network for Highly Selective Dyes Absorption and Regeneration. , 2016, ACS nano.

[316]  Xuejun Lu,et al.  NiS and MoS2 nanosheet co-modified graphitic C3N4 ternary heterostructure for high efficient visible light photodegradation of antibiotic. , 2018, Journal of hazardous materials.

[317]  Dong Liu,et al.  A new visible light active multifunctional ternary composite based on TiO2–In2O3 nanocrystals heterojunction decorated porous graphitic carbon nitride for photocatalytic treatment of hazardous pollutant and H2 evolution , 2015 .

[318]  S. Obregón,et al.  Cascade charge separation mechanism by ternary heterostructured BiPO4/TiO2/g-C3N4 photocatalyst , 2016 .

[319]  J. Shim,et al.  Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activity of SnO2–ZnO Quantum Dots Anchored on g-C3N4 Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Pollutant Degradation and H2 Production , 2018, ACS omega.

[320]  Xiaosong Zhou,et al.  Boosting visible light photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 nanosheets by combining with LaFeO3 nanoparticles , 2018, Materials Research Bulletin.

[321]  Fa‐tang Li,et al.  Fabrication of ternary g-C3N4/Al2O3/ZnO heterojunctions based on cascade electron transfer toward molecular oxygen activation , 2017 .

[322]  Ghanshyam L. Vaghjiani,et al.  Generation of melamine polymer condensates upon hypergolic ignition of dicyanamide ionic liquids. , 2011, Angewandte Chemie.

[323]  Hong Liu,et al.  Novel visible-light driven Mn0.8Cd0.2S/g-C3N4 composites: Preparation and efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production from water without noble metals , 2016 .

[324]  M. Jaroniec,et al.  Graphene-based semiconductor photocatalysts. , 2012, Chemical Society Reviews.

[325]  Chengzhang Zhu,et al.  Constructing graphite-like carbon nitride modified hierarchical yolk–shell TiO2 spheres for water pollution treatment and hydrogen production , 2016 .

[326]  Minghua Wang,et al.  Bimetallic-organic framework derived porous Co 3 O 4 /Fe 3 O 4 /C-loaded g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposites as non-enzymic electrocatalysis oxidization toward ascorbic acid, dopamine acid, and uric acid , 2018 .

[327]  Hao Meng,et al.  Fabrication of noble-metal-free g-C3 N4 -MIL-53(Fe) composite for enhanced photocatalytic H2 -generation performance , 2018, Applied Organometallic Chemistry.

[328]  Chuanhao Li,et al.  Quasi‐Polymeric Metal–Organic Framework UiO‐66/g‐C3N4 Heterojunctions for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution under Visible Light Irradiation , 2015 .

[329]  Yan Liu,et al.  Construction of TiO2 hollow nanosphere/g-C3N4 composites with superior visible-light photocatalytic activity and mechanism insight , 2016 .

[330]  Yihe Zhang,et al.  Precursor-reforming protocol to 3D mesoporous g-C3N4 established by ultrathin self-doped nanosheets for superior hydrogen evolution , 2017 .

[331]  Shifu Chen,et al.  Preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic performance of Ce2S3 for nitrobenzene reduction , 2013 .

[332]  Peng Zhang,et al.  Size-engineerable NiS2 hollow spheres photo co-catalysts from supermolecular precursor for H2 production from water splitting , 2016 .

[333]  Wei‐Qing Huang,et al.  Insights into Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of g-C3N4 and Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite: The Role of Oxygen , 2015 .

[334]  Yuxin Zhang,et al.  Bridging the g-C3N4 Interlayers for Enhanced Photocatalysis , 2016 .

[335]  Xin Li,et al.  A review on g-C3N4-based photocatalysts , 2017 .

[336]  Christopher Hardacre,et al.  Catalysis in ionic liquids. , 2007, Chemical reviews.

[337]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Improving carbon nitride photocatalysis by supramolecular preorganization of monomers. , 2013, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[338]  Porun Liu,et al.  Cross-linked g-C3 N4 /rGO nanocomposites with tunable band structure and enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. , 2013, Small.

[339]  Dan Du,et al.  Colorimetric and chemiluminescent dual-readout immunochromatographic assay for detection of pesticide residues utilizing g-C3N4/BiFeO3 nanocomposites. , 2018, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[340]  Peng Wang,et al.  Towards efficient solar hydrogen production by intercalated carbon nitride photocatalyst. , 2013, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[341]  Jiaguo Yu,et al.  Review on Metal Sulphide‐based Z‐scheme Photocatalysts , 2019, ChemCatChem.

[342]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Metal-free activation of CO2 by mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride. , 2007, Angewandte Chemie.

[343]  Jiaxing Li,et al.  In situ ion exchange synthesis of strongly coupled Ag@AgCl/g-C₃N₄ porous nanosheets as plasmonic photocatalyst for highly efficient visible-light photocatalysis. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[344]  C. Lee,et al.  The photovoltaic effect of the p–n heterojunction organic photovoltaic device using a nano template method , 2005 .

[345]  Jianliang Cao,et al.  Template assisted synthesis of Ag/AgBr/AgCl hollow microspheres with heterojunction structure as highly activity and stability photocatalyst , 2017 .

[346]  Kai Jiang,et al.  Mn-Doped g-C3N4 Nanoribbon for Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalytic Water Splitting Coupling with Methylene Blue Degradation , 2018, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering.

[347]  C. Cao,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of graphite-like carbon nitride nanobelts and nanotubes , 2007 .

[348]  F. Stadler,et al.  Quaternary magnetic BiOCl/g-C3N4/Cu2O/Fe3O4 nano-junction for visible light and solar powered degradation of sulfamethoxazole from aqueous environment , 2018 .

[349]  Changhai Liu,et al.  Sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride decorated with zinc phthalocyanines towards highly stable and efficient photocatalysis , 2016 .

[350]  K. Lu,et al.  Semiconductor Metal–Organic Frameworks: Future Low‐Bandgap Materials , 2017, Advanced materials.

[351]  Feng Chen,et al.  Microwave-assisted preparation of inorganic nanostructures in liquid phase. , 2014, Chemical reviews.

[352]  Yueping Fang,et al.  Novel mesoporous g-C3N4 and BiPO4 nanorods hybrid architectures and their enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performances , 2014 .

[353]  Akio Ishikawa,et al.  Conduction and Valence Band Positions of Ta2O5, TaON, and Ta3N5 by UPS and Electrochemical Methods , 2003 .

[354]  Zhigang Chen,et al.  A new type of carbon nitride-based polymer composite for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production. , 2014, Chemical communications.

[355]  Jun Wang,et al.  Enhanced catalytic activity of potassium-doped graphitic carbon nitride induced by lower valence position , 2015 .

[356]  A. Ismail,et al.  Decoration of mesoporous graphite-like C3N4 nanosheets by NiS nanoparticle-driven visible light for hydrogen evolution , 2018, Applied Nanoscience.

[357]  Ke Dai,et al.  Controllable synthesis of Bi 2 MoO 6 nanosheets and their facet-dependent visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity , 2018 .

[358]  Yuanjian Zhang,et al.  Highly Sensitive and Quality Self-Testable Electrochemiluminescence Assay of DNA Methyltransferase Activity Using Multifunctional Sandwich-Assembled Carbon Nitride Nanosheets. , 2018, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[359]  Feng Duan,et al.  Super synergy between photocatalysis and ozonation using bulk g-C3N4 as catalyst: A potential sunlight/O3/g-C3N4 method for efficient water decontamination , 2016 .

[360]  Jingfang Sun,et al.  Crystal-plane-dependent metal oxide-support interaction in CeO2/g-C3N4 for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution , 2018, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental.

[361]  Zhengguo Zhang,et al.  Ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets coupled with carbon nanodots as 2D/0D composites for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution , 2016 .

[362]  Xiaoping Dong,et al.  The amphoteric properties of g-C3N4 nanosheets and fabrication of their relevant heterostructure photocatalysts by an electrostatic re-assembly route. , 2015, Chemical communications.

[363]  Caroline Sunyong Lee,et al.  Photoelectrochemical properties and photodegradation of organic pollutants using hematite hybrids modified by gold nanoparticles and graphitic carbon nitride , 2015 .

[364]  W. Schnick,et al.  From Triazines to Heptazines , 2006 .

[365]  Yichun Liu,et al.  Fabrication of g-C3N4/SiO2-Au composite nanofibers with enhanced visible photocatalytic activity , 2017 .

[366]  G. Shao,et al.  Microwave-assisted growth of In2O3 nanoparticles on WO3 nanoplates to improve H2S-sensing performance , 2014 .

[367]  Guonan Chen,et al.  Graphitic-phase C3N4 nanosheets as efficient photosensitizers and pH-responsive drug nanocarriers for cancer imaging and therapy. , 2014, Journal of materials chemistry. B.

[368]  W. Shi,et al.  Hydrothermal Synthesis g-C3N4/Nano-InVO4 Nanocomposites and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for Hydrogen Production under Visible Light Irradiation. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[369]  Xiaoyun Li,et al.  Fast assembly of Ag3PO4 nanoparticles within three-dimensional graphene aerogels for efficient photocatalytic oxygen evolution from water splitting under visible light , 2017 .

[370]  Youhong Tang,et al.  Proton-functionalized two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet: an excellent metal-/label-free biosensing platform. , 2014, Small.

[371]  E. G. Gillan Synthesis of Nitrogen-Rich Carbon Nitride Networks from an Energetic Molecular Azide Precursor , 2000 .

[372]  Yan Wu,et al.  Double Z-scheme ZnO/ZnS/g-C 3 N 4 ternary structure for efficient photocatalytic H 2 production , 2018 .

[373]  Zushun Xu,et al.  Facile Preparation of Uniform Nanocomposite Spheres with Loading Silver Nanoparticles on Polystyrene-methyl Acrylic Acid Spheres for Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol , 2016 .

[374]  Yuanxu Wang,et al.  Hybrid density functional study on the mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic properties of the ultrathin hybrid layered nanocomposite g-C 3 N 4 /BiOCl , 2018 .

[375]  Yan Li,et al.  The Quarter-Century Anniversary of Carbon Nanotube Research. , 2017, ACS nano.

[376]  Jiaguo Yu,et al.  2D/2D g-C3N4/MnO2 Nanocomposite as a Direct Z-Scheme Photocatalyst for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity , 2018 .

[377]  W. Zhou,et al.  Meso-g-C3N4/g-C3N4 nanosheets laminated homojunctions as efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts , 2017 .

[378]  Zushun Xu,et al.  Novel Poly(acrylic acid)-modified Tourmaline/Silver Composites for Adsorption Removal of Cu(II) ions and Catalytic Reduction of Methylene Blue in Water , 2017 .

[379]  S. Ivanov,et al.  Physical properties of InN with the band gap energy of 1.1 eV , 2001 .

[380]  Z. Zou,et al.  Zn-vacancy mediated electron-hole separation in ZnS/g-C3N4 heterojunction for efficient visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production , 2018 .

[381]  Rui Shi,et al.  Enhancement of photocurrent and photocatalytic activity of ZnO hybridized with graphite-like C3N4 , 2011 .

[382]  C. Lagrost,et al.  Electrochemical reactivity in room-temperature ionic liquids. , 2008, Chemical reviews.

[383]  Hamberg,et al.  Band-gap tailoring of ZnO by means of heavy Al doping. , 1988, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[384]  Hua-ming Li,et al.  Visible-light-induced WO3/g-C3N4 composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity. , 2013, Dalton transactions.

[385]  Xiaosong Zhou,et al.  Facile preparation and enhanced photocatalytic H2-production activity of Cu(OH)2 nanospheres modified porous g-C3N4 , 2014 .

[386]  Xitian Zhang,et al.  Visible/near-IR-light-driven TNFePc/BiOCl organic-inorganic heterostructures with enhanced photocatalytic activity. , 2016, Dalton transactions.

[387]  R. Scheer,et al.  Solar cells based on CuInS 2an overview , 2005 .

[388]  Hongjian Yan Soft-templating synthesis of mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride with enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light. , 2012, Chemical communications.

[389]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Noble-metal-free NiS/C3 N4 for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water. , 2013, ChemSusChem.

[390]  Jingtao Zhang,et al.  Enhanced visible light photocatalytic H2 production activity of g-C3N4 via carbon fiber , 2015 .

[391]  Hui‐Ming Cheng,et al.  Graphene‐Like Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Improved Photocatalytic Activities , 2012 .

[392]  Hai-bo Ma,et al.  Simultaneous Noncovalent Modification and Exfoliation of 2D Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Electrochemiluminescent Biosensing. , 2017, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[393]  Xiaobo Chen,et al.  n/n junctioned g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic H2 generation , 2017 .

[394]  W. Jo,et al.  Z-scheme CdS/g-C3N4 composites with RGO as an electron mediator for efficient photocatalytic H2 production and pollutant degradation , 2017 .

[395]  Xijiang Han,et al.  Highly Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production on CdS/Cu7S4/g-C3N4 Ternary Heterostructures. , 2018, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[396]  S. R. Thakare,et al.  Ternary Polymer Composite of Graphene, Carbon Nitride, and Poly(3‐hexylthiophene): an Efficient Photocatalyst , 2012 .

[397]  Jun-min Yan,et al.  Synthesis of potassium-modified graphitic carbon nitride with high photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution. , 2014, ChemSusChem.

[398]  L. Kronik,et al.  Molecular Control over Semiconductor Surface Electronic Properties: Dicarboxylic Acids on CdTe, CdSe, GaAs, and InP , 1999 .

[399]  Hong Liu,et al.  Highly efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution from water over CdLa2S4/mesoporous g-C3N4 hybrids under visible light irradiation , 2016 .

[400]  Jiaxing Li,et al.  Hierarchical nanocomposites of polyaniline nanorods arrays on graphitic carbon nitride sheets with synergistic effect for photocatalysis , 2014 .

[401]  Yan-Jie Wang,et al.  Unlocking the door to highly active ORR catalysts for PEMFC applications: polyhedron-engineered Pt-based nanocrystals , 2018 .

[402]  Suneel Kumar,et al.  N-doped ZnO–MoS2 binary heterojunctions: the dual role of 2D MoS2 in the enhancement of photostability and photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation for tetracycline degradation , 2017 .

[403]  Marvin L. Cohen,et al.  Wavelength Modulation Spectra and Electronic Band Structure of SnS2 and SnSe2 , 1976 .

[404]  Zhen Li,et al.  Visible/Near-Infrared-Light-Induced H2 Production over g-C3N4 Co-sensitized by Organic Dye and Zinc Phthalocyanine Derivative , 2015 .

[405]  Shuang Li,et al.  Time-Resolved Study on Xanthene Dye-Sensitized Carbon Nitride Photocatalytic Systems. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[406]  Muhammad Safdar,et al.  Visible light driven type II heterostructures and their enhanced photocatalysis properties: a review. , 2013, Nanoscale.

[407]  W. Schnick,et al.  Triazine-based carbon nitrides for visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution. , 2013, Angewandte Chemie.

[408]  A. Habibi-Yangjeh,et al.  Facile preparation of novel quaternary g-C3N4/Fe3O4/AgI/Bi2S3 nanocomposites: magnetically separable visible-light-driven photocatalysts with significantly enhanced activity , 2016 .

[409]  S. Rohani,et al.  Graphitic C3N4 based noble-metal-free photocatalyst systems: A review , 2017 .

[410]  Markus Antonietti,et al.  Metal nanoparticles at mesoporous N-doped carbons and carbon nitrides: functional Mott-Schottky heterojunctions for catalysis. , 2013, Chemical Society reviews.

[411]  W. Schnick,et al.  Unmasking melon by a complementary approach employing electron diffraction, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations-structural characterization of a carbon nitride polymer. , 2007, Chemistry.

[412]  Xijin Xu,et al.  Three-Dimensional Hierarchical g-C3N4 Architectures Assembled by Ultrathin Self-Doped Nanosheets: Extremely Facile Hexamethylenetetramine Activation and Superior Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. , 2019, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[413]  K. R. Seddon,et al.  Applications of ionic liquids in the chemical industry. , 2008, Chemical Society reviews.

[414]  Yueping Fang,et al.  Enhanced visible-light H2 evolution of g-C3N4 photocatalysts via the synergetic effect of amorphous NiS and cheap metal-free carbon black nanoparticles as co-catalysts , 2015 .

[415]  Yao Zheng,et al.  Graphitic carbon nitride materials: controllable synthesis and applications in fuel cells and photocatalysis , 2012 .

[416]  T. Peng,et al.  Direct Z-scheme g-C_3N_4/WO_3 photocatalyst with atomically defined junction for H_2 production , 2017 .

[417]  Peter K. J. Robertson,et al.  The application of a novel fluidised photo reactor under UV–visible and natural solar irradiation in the photocatalytic generation of hydrogen , 2016 .

[418]  Jiaguo Yu,et al.  Sulfur-doped g-C3N4 with enhanced photocatalytic CO2-reduction performance , 2015 .

[419]  Huimin Yang,et al.  Constructing a novel GQDs/PANI/g-C3N4 ternary heterostructure with enhanced photoelectrocatalytic performance , 2017 .

[420]  A. Habibi-Yangjeh,et al.  Novel g-C3N4/Ag2SO4 nanocomposites: Fast microwave-assisted preparation and enhanced photocatalytic performance towards degradation of organic pollutants under visible light. , 2016, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[421]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Excellent Visible-Light Photocatalysis of Fluorinated Polymeric Carbon Nitride Solids , 2010 .

[422]  Xibao Li,et al.  Hydrothermal synthesized novel nanoporous g-C3N4/MnTiO3 heterojunction with direct Z-scheme mechanism , 2017 .

[423]  Yan Xu,et al.  Photocatalytic hydrogen production over carbon nitride loaded with WS2 as cocatalyst under visible light , 2014 .

[424]  R. Ruoff,et al.  Chemical methods for the production of graphenes. , 2009, Nature nanotechnology.

[425]  C. Rao,et al.  Nanocomposites of C3N4 with Layers of MoS2 and Nitrogenated RGO, Obtained by Covalent Cross-Linking: Synthesis, Characterization, and HER Activity. , 2017, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[426]  H. García,et al.  Influence of excitation wavelength (UV or visible light) on the photocatalytic activity of titania containing gold nanoparticles for the generation of hydrogen or oxygen from water. , 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[427]  W. Zhiqiang,et al.  Microwave-assisted molten-salt rapid synthesis of isotype triazine-/heptazine based g-C3N4 heterojunctions with highly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance , 2017 .

[428]  Jun He,et al.  Enhancement of photocatalytic activity of Bi2WO6 hybridized with graphite-like C3N4 , 2012 .

[429]  Pengju Yang,et al.  Tri‐s‐triazine‐Based Crystalline Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for an Improved Hydrogen Evolution , 2017, Advanced materials.

[430]  Shaozheng Hu,et al.  A simple and efficient method to prepare a phosphorus modified g-C3N4 visible light photocatalyst , 2014 .

[431]  Jinshui Zhang,et al.  Polycondensation of thiourea into carbon nitride semiconductors as visible light photocatalysts , 2012 .

[432]  Sadao Adachi,et al.  Optical dispersion relations for GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InP, InAs, InSb, AlxGa1−xAs, and In1−xGaxAsyP1−y , 1989 .

[433]  S. De Feyter,et al.  Two-dimensional supramolecular self-assembly: nanoporous networks on surfaces. , 2009, Chemical Society reviews.

[434]  Fan Zuo,et al.  Branched WO3 Nanosheet Array with Layered C3N4 Heterojunctions and CoOx Nanoparticles as a Flexible Photoanode for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation , 2014, Advanced materials.

[435]  Jinze Li,et al.  Enhanced photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4–ZnO/HNT composite heterostructure photocatalysts for degradation of tetracycline under visible light irradiation , 2015 .

[436]  Qian Yang,et al.  A novel route combined precursor-hydrothermal pretreatment with microwave heating for preparing holey g-C3N4 nanosheets with high crystalline quality and extended visible light absorption , 2018, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental.

[437]  R. Ruoff,et al.  Reduced graphene oxide by chemical graphitization. , 2010, Nature communications.

[438]  K. Yan,et al.  Graphitic Carbon Nitride Sensitized with CdS Quantum Dots for Visible-Light-Driven Photoelectrochemical Aptasensing of Tetracycline. , 2016, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[439]  Markus Antonietti,et al.  Ionothermal synthesis of crystalline, condensed, graphitic carbon nitride. , 2008, Chemistry.

[440]  Ortega,et al.  Relative stability of hexagonal and planar structures of hypothetical C3N4 solids. , 1995, Physical Review B (Condensed Matter).

[441]  S. Mathur,et al.  Microwave assisted fast and facile synthesis of SnO(2) quantum dots and their printing applications. , 2010, Chemical communications.

[442]  Jimin Xie,et al.  In situ growth of Ag/Ag2O nanoparticles on g-C3N4 by a natural carbon nanodot-assisted green method for synergistic photocatalytic activity , 2016 .

[443]  Molly B. Wilker,et al.  Characterization of photochemical processes for H2 production by CdS nanorod-[FeFe] hydrogenase complexes. , 2012, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[444]  Zhenyi Zhang,et al.  Ultrathin hexagonal SnS2 nanosheets coupled with g-C3N4 nanosheets as 2D/2D heterojunction photocatalysts toward high photocatalytic activity , 2015 .

[445]  M. Antonietti,et al.  1,2,4-Triazole-Based Approach to Noble-Metal-Free Visible-Light Driven Water Splitting over Carbon Nitrides , 2016 .

[446]  W. Liu,et al.  Efficient visible-light photocatalytic H2 evolution over metal-free g-C3N4 co-modified with robust acetylene black and Ni(OH)2 as dual co-catalysts , 2016 .

[447]  Peng Chen,et al.  Systematic Bandgap Engineering of Graphene Quantum Dots and Applications for Photocatalytic Water Splitting and CO2 Reduction. , 2018, ACS nano.

[448]  Miaoqiang Lyu,et al.  Boron-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for enhanced visible light photocatalytic water splitting. , 2017, Dalton transactions.

[449]  Jinju Zheng,et al.  Superior thoroughly mesoporous ternary hybrid photocatalysts of TiO2/WO3/g-C3N4 nanofibers for visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution , 2016 .

[450]  Zushun Xu,et al.  In-situ construction of novel silver nanoparticle decorated polymeric spheres as highly active and stable catalysts for reduction of methylene blue dye , 2018 .

[451]  Fa‐tang Li,et al.  Structure Modification Function of g-C3 N4 for Al2 O3 in the In Situ Hydrothermal Process for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity. , 2015, Chemistry.

[452]  Gang Chen,et al.  ZIF-8 derived carbon (C-ZIF) as a bifunctional electron acceptor and HER cocatalyst for g-C3N4: construction of a metal-free, all carbon-based photocatalytic system for efficient hydrogen evolution , 2016 .

[453]  B. Fahlman,et al.  Novel g-C3N4/CoO Nanocomposites with Significantly Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity for H2 Evolution. , 2017, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[454]  Zhenzhen Lin,et al.  Nanostructure engineering and doping of conjugated carbon nitride semiconductors for hydrogen photosynthesis. , 2013, Angewandte Chemie.

[455]  Yongtao Lu,et al.  Exfoliated carbon nitride nanosheets decorated with NiS as an efficient noble-metal-free visible-light-driven photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution. , 2015, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[456]  Lin-lin Chen,et al.  Ag2S/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts for efficient Pt-free hydrogen production. The co-catalyst function of Ag/Ag2S formed by simultaneous photodeposition. , 2014, Dalton transactions.

[457]  P. Suarez,et al.  Ionic liquid (molten salt) phase organometallic catalysis. , 2002, Chemical reviews.

[458]  K. Parida,et al.  Enhanced photo catalytic reduction of Cr (VI) over polymer-sensitized g-C3N4/ZnFe2O4 and its synergism with phenol oxidation under visible light irradiation , 2018, Catalysis Today.

[459]  Qinghua Chen,et al.  Novel Z-Scheme g-C3N4/C@Bi2MoO6 composite with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for β-naphthol degradation , 2017 .

[460]  Liang Peng,et al.  Enhancement of visible-light photocatalytic activity of Cu3B2O6 hybridized with g-C3N4 , 2017 .

[461]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride as a versatile, metal-free catalyst for the cyclisation of functional nitriles and alkynes , 2007 .

[462]  Chen Gao,et al.  Hydrothermal synthesis of CaIn2S4-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites with increased photocatalytic performance. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[463]  Wang Zuoshan,et al.  Microwave-assisted synthesis and enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic property of g-C3N4/Bi2S3 nanocomposite , 2015 .

[464]  Patrick L. Holland,et al.  Robust Photogeneration of H2 in Water Using Semiconductor Nanocrystals and a Nickel Catalyst , 2012, Science.

[465]  B. Liu,et al.  One-dimensional hybrid nanostructures for heterogeneous photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis. , 2015, Small.

[466]  Dan Li,et al.  Fabrication of Novel Ternary Three-Dimensional RuO2/Graphitic-C3N4@reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogel Composites for Supercapacitors , 2017 .

[467]  Jiaguo Yu,et al.  Morphology-dependent photocatalytic H2-production activity of CdS , 2014 .

[468]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Facile one-pot synthesis of nanoporous carbon nitride solids by using soft templates. , 2010, ChemSusChem.

[469]  Zhiming Sun,et al.  A facile synthesis of g-C3N4/TiO2 hybrid photocatalysts by sol–gel method and its enhanced photodegradation towards methylene blue under visible light , 2016 .

[470]  W. Schnick,et al.  Melem (2,5,8-triamino-tri-s-triazine), an important intermediate during condensation of melamine rings to graphitic carbon nitride: synthesis, structure determination by X-ray powder diffractometry, solid-state NMR, and theoretical studies. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[471]  Zhengxiao Guo,et al.  Visible-light driven heterojunction photocatalysts for water splitting – a critical review , 2015 .

[472]  Pardeep Singh,et al.  Review on fabrication of graphitic carbon nitride based efficient nanocomposites for photodegradation of aqueous phase organic pollutants , 2018, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.

[473]  Dapeng Liu,et al.  Monodispersed nickel phosphide nanocrystals with different phases: synthesis, characterization and electrocatalytic properties for hydrogen evolution , 2015 .

[474]  Pingwu Du,et al.  Microwave-assisted heating synthesis: a general and rapid strategy for large-scale production of highly crystalline g-C3N4 with enhanced photocatalytic H2 production , 2014 .

[475]  Georges Mouchaham,et al.  Titanium coordination compounds: from discrete metal complexes to metal-organic frameworks. , 2017, Chemical Society reviews.

[476]  Yongfa Zhu,et al.  Enhancement of photocatalytic performance via a P3HT-g-C3N4 heterojunction , 2015 .

[477]  S. Kaneco,et al.  Z-scheme photocatalytic hydrogen production over WO3/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts , 2014 .

[478]  G. R. Rao,et al.  Construction of ternary hybrid layered reduced graphene oxide supported g-C3N4-TiO2 nanocomposite and its photocatalytic hydrogen production activity , 2017 .

[479]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Activation of carbon nitride solids by protonation: morphology changes, enhanced ionic conductivity, and photoconduction experiments. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[480]  Xing Zhang,et al.  Metal-free efficient photocatalyst for stable visible water splitting via a two-electron pathway , 2015, Science.

[481]  Yanhong Lin,et al.  Metal Ni-loaded g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution activity: the change in surface band bending. , 2015, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[482]  Xiufang Zhang,et al.  A novel supramolecular preorganization route for improving g-C3N4/g-C3N4 metal-free homojunction photocatalysis , 2017 .

[483]  Qian Zhao,et al.  Cu-doped mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride for enhanced visible-light driven photocatalysis , 2016 .

[484]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Polymeric Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Heterogeneous Photocatalysis , 2012 .

[485]  Lichun Yang,et al.  MoS2–Ni3S2 Heteronanorods as Efficient and Stable Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting , 2017 .

[486]  Xin Li,et al.  Markedly enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2 generation over g-C3N4 nanosheets decorated by robust nickel phosphide (Ni12P5) cocatalysts. , 2017, Dalton transactions.

[487]  H. Fei,et al.  Microwave‐Assisted Rapid Synthesis of Graphene‐Supported Single Atomic Metals , 2018, Advanced materials.

[488]  Shifu Chen,et al.  Study on the separation mechanisms of photogenerated electrons and holes for composite photocatalysts g-C3N4-WO3 , 2014 .

[489]  Juan Li,et al.  Two-dimensional porous architecture of protonated GCN and reduced graphene oxide via electrostatic self-assembly strategy for high photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light , 2017 .

[490]  Gongxuan Lu,et al.  Highly efficient hydrogen evolution over Co(OH)(2) nanoparticles modified g-C3N4 co-sensitized by Eosin Y and Rose Bengal under Visible Light Irradiation , 2016 .

[491]  Zhenlin Luo,et al.  Mesoporous Monoclinic CaIn2S4 with Surface Nanostructure: An Efficient Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Production under Visible Light , 2014 .

[492]  E. Waclawik,et al.  Carbon nanodot decorated graphitic carbon nitride: new insights into the enhanced photocatalytic water splitting from ab initio studies. , 2015, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[493]  T. Komatsu Prototype carbon nitrides similar to the symmetrictriangular form of melon , 2001 .

[494]  Junwang Tang,et al.  Mimicking Natural Photosynthesis: Solar to Renewable H2 Fuel Synthesis by Z-Scheme Water Splitting Systems , 2018, Chemical reviews.

[495]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Boron- and fluorine-containing mesoporous carbon nitride polymers: metal-free catalysts for cyclohexane oxidation. , 2010, Angewandte Chemie.

[496]  Kui Li,et al.  Modification of g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets by carbon quantum dots for highly efficient photocatalytic generation of hydrogen , 2016 .

[497]  Hongbin Cao,et al.  Enhanced hole-dominated photocatalytic activity of doughnut-like porous g-C3N4 driven by down-shifted valance band maximum , 2017, Catalysis Today.

[498]  A. Fujishima,et al.  Sodium-doped carbon nitride nanotubes for efficient visible light-driven hydrogen production , 2018, Nano Research.

[499]  Zhongkui Zhao,et al.  Highly-Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Nitride with Ultrahigh Surface Area and Pore Volume as a Superior Dehydrogenation Catalyst , 2014 .

[500]  H. Fan,et al.  Highly Efficient Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalytic Production of Hydrogen for Magnetically Retrievable Fe3O4@SiO2@MoS2/g-C3N4 Hierarchical Microspheres , 2018, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering.

[501]  Shun Mao,et al.  Shaped Pd-Ni-Pt core-sandwich-shell nanoparticles: influence of Ni sandwich layers on catalytic electrooxidations. , 2014, ACS nano.

[502]  Jiaguo Yu,et al.  Fabrication and photocatalytic activity enhanced mechanism of direct Z-scheme g-C 3 N 4 /Ag 2 WO 4 photocatalyst , 2017 .

[503]  R. Kaner,et al.  Honeycomb carbon: a review of graphene. , 2010, Chemical reviews.

[504]  Yuewei Zhang,et al.  Porous graphitic carbon nitride synthesized via direct polymerization of urea for efficient sunlight-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production. , 2012, Nanoscale.