Roflumilast fully prevents emphysema in mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke.

[1]  W. MacNee.  Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2007, Clinics in chest medicine.

[2]  S. Fineschi,et al.  Different lung responses to cigarette smoke in two strains of mice sensitive to oxidants , 2005, European Respiratory Journal.

[3]  L. Wollin,et al.  Roflumilast, a Targeted Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor, Fully Prevents the Development of Emphysema Induced by Cigarette Smoke Exposure , 2005 .

[4]  H. Thomas.  On clinical management. , 2005, The Health service journal.

[5]  A. Churg,et al.  Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Drives 70% of Cigarette Smoke–induced Emphysema in the Mouse , 2004 .

[6]  S. Argov,et al.  Interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 are expressed in organs of normal young and old mice. , 2004, European cytokine network.

[7]  R. Pauwels,et al.  Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: GOLD Executive Summary Updated 2003 , 2004, COPD.

[8]  A. Churg,et al.  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha drives 70% of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in the mouse. , 2004, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[9]  A. M. Houghton,et al.  Neutrophil elastase contributes to cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice. , 2003, The American journal of pathology.

[10]  A. Churg,et al.  alpha-1-Antitrypsin ameliorates cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in the mouse. , 2003, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[11]  A. Churg,et al.  Macrophage metalloelastase mediates acute cigarette smoke-induced inflammation via tumor necrosis factor-alpha release. , 2003, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[12]  T. Murphy.  Immunity to nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: elucidating protective responses. , 2003, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[13]  S. Rennard,et al.  Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor cilomilast inhibits fibroblast-mediated collagen gel degradation induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and neutrophil elastase. , 2002, American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology.

[14]  A. Churg,et al.  Acute cigarette smoke-induced connective tissue breakdown requires both neutrophils and macrophage metalloelastase in mice. , 2002, American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology.

[15]  Giembycz Ma.  Development status of second generation PDE4 inhibitors for asthma and COPD: the story so far. , 2002 .

[16]  Xiang‐Dong Wang,et al.  Emphysematous lung destruction by cigarette smoke. The effects of latent adenoviral infection on the lung inflammatory response. , 2002, American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology.

[17]  M. Giembycz,et al.  Development status of second generation PDE4 inhibitors for asthma and COPD: the story so far. , 2002, Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace.

[18]  W. Elliott,et al.  Molecular mechanisms of decreased steroid responsiveness induced by latent adenoviral infection in allergic lung inflammation. , 2002, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[19]  K. Kellar,et al.  Multiplexed fluorescent bead-based immunoassays for quantitation of human cytokines in serum and culture supernatants. , 2001, Cytometry.

[20]  L. Ortiz,et al.  Effects of cigarette smoke in mice with different levels of alpha(1)-proteinase inhibitor and sensitivity to oxidants. , 2001, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[21]  A. Szarka,et al.  Human SLPI inactivation after cigarette smoke exposure in a new in vivo model of pulmonary oxidative stress. , 2001, American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology.

[22]  P. Diot,et al.  Urinary excretion reflects lung deposition of aminoglycoside aerosols in cystic fibrosis. , 2001, The European respiratory journal.

[23]  J. Barsig,et al.  In vivo efficacy in airway disease models of roflumilast, a novel orally active PDE4 inhibitor. , 2001, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[24]  A. Hatzelmann,et al.  Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Potential of the Novel PDE 4 Inhibitor Roflumilast in Vitro , 2001 .

[25]  I. Adcock,et al.  Cigarette smoking reduces histone deacetylase 2 expression, enhances cytokine expression, and inhibits glucocorticoid actions in alveolar macrophages. , 2001, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[26]  H. Magnussen,et al.  In patients with chronic bronchitis a four week trial with inhaled steroids does not attenuate airway inflammation. , 2001, Respiratory medicine.

[27]  W. Maziak,et al.  Effect of high dose inhaled steroid on cells, cytokines, and proteases in induced sputum in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 1999, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[28]  K. Rabe,et al.  Selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , 1999, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

[29]  V. Lagente,et al.  Effects of interleukin‐10 and modulators of cyclic AMP formation on endotoxin‐induced inflammation in rat lung , 1999, Fundamental & clinical pharmacology.

[30]  Alan D. Lopez,et al.  Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study , 1997, The Lancet.

[31]  M. Teixeira,et al.  Phosphodiesterase (PDE)4 inhibitors: anti-inflammatory drugs of the future? , 1997, Trends in pharmacological sciences.

[32]  D. C. Bode,et al.  Enrichment and analysis of desmosine and isodesmosine in biological fluids. , 1995, Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical applications.

[33]  C. Rice-Evans,et al.  A novel method for measuring antioxidant capacity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant status in premature neonates. , 1993, Clinical science.

[34]  A. Buist,et al.  Cigarette smoking and health. , 1985, The American review of respiratory disease.

[35]  R. Pack,et al.  The cells of the tracheobronchial epithelium of the mouse: a quantitative light and electron microscope study. , 1981, Journal of anatomy.

[36]  N. G. Sanerkin,et al.  Chronic obstructive lung disease. , 1971, Lancet.

[37]  W. Thurlbeck.  The internal surface area of nonemphysematous lungs. , 2015, The American review of respiratory disease.

[38]  Thurlbeck Wm.  Measurement of pulmonary emphysema. , 1967 .

[39]  E. Rice-wray.  CIGARETTE SMOKING AND HEALTH. , 1964, American journal of public health and the nation's health.