Three Dimensional Loading Effects of Tsunamis on Bridge Superstructures

This work presents an investigation of the effects of tsunamis on bridge superstructures, with specific attention focused toward the differences between two-dimensional (2D) and threedimensional (3D) analyses. For the most part, available research on tsunami-bridge interaction is based on 2D analysis. While 2D analyses can provide estimates of drag force, uplift, and overturning moment per unit length, they do not account for critical 3D phenomena such as channelization effects due to local bathymetry, bridge skew and other non-uniform geometric aspects. Using a high-fidelity 3D computational fluid dynamics approach, validated against existing experimental data, this work analyzes the temporal and spatial dynamics of tsunami loading on a model bridge and shows how variation in the local geometry, specifically the skew angle of the bridge relative to the incoming wave, can affect the loading history on the structure.

[1]  Keisuke Murakami,et al.  ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION OF SLAB BRIDGE DAMAGES CAUSED BY TSUNAMI FLOW , 2012 .

[2]  Kazuo Konagai,et al.  Bridges washed away by tunami in Minamisanriku, Miyagi Prefecture in the March 11th 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (特集 耐震構造学研究グループ(ERS) 東日本大震災 : 巨大地震の脅威と教訓) , 2011 .

[3]  Mohsen Azadbakht,et al.  Development of a guideline for estimating tsunami forces on bridge superstructures , 2011 .

[4]  Fumihiko Imamura,et al.  Performance evaluation of pedestrian bridge as vertical evacuation site during the 2011 tsunami in Japan , 2012 .

[5]  Dan M. Frangopol,et al.  Probabilistic Assessment of Structural Performance of Bridges under Tsunami Hazard , 2012 .

[6]  Ioan Nistor,et al.  EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF TSUNAMI LOADING ON STRUCTURES , 2011 .

[7]  Yoshiaki Nakano.  DESIGN LOAD EVALUATION FOR TSUNAMI SHELTERS BASED ON DAMAGE OBSERVATIONS AFTER INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI DISASTER DUE TO THE 2004 SUMATRA EARTHQUAKE , 2007 .

[9]  Pennung Warnitchai,et al.  STRUCTURAL DESIGN GUIDELINE FOR TSUNAMI EVACUATION SHELTER , 2010 .

[10]  G. Prasetya,et al.  Scoping study for evaluating the tsunami vulnerability of New Zealand buildings for use as evacuation structures , 2011 .

[11]  Ioan Nistor,et al.  Experimental Investigation of Tsunami Impact on Free Standing Structures , 2010 .

[12]  Abdulla Mohamed,et al.  Development of Performance Based Tsunami Engineering, PBTE , 2009 .

[13]  Robert G. Bea,et al.  Wave Forces on Decks of Offshore Platforms , 1999 .

[14]  Harry Yeh.  Design Tsunami Forces for Onshore Structures , 2007 .

[15]  Frederic Raichlen,et al.  THE GENERATION OF LONG WAVES IN THE LABORATORY , 1980 .

[16]  Rosebud Jasmine Lambert.  Development of a Numerical Wave Tank Using OpenFoam , 2012 .

[17]  Ioan Nistor,et al.  Tsunami loading of near-shoreline structures: a primer , 2009 .

[18]  Solomon C. Yim,et al.  Tsunami Design Criteria for Coastal Infrastructure: A Case Study for Spencer Creek Bridge, Oregon , 2006 .

[19]  Harry Yeh,et al.  Maximum fluid forces in the tsunami runup zone , 2006 .

[20]  Dan Palermo,et al.  UNDERSTANDING TSUNAMI RISK TO STRUCTURES: A CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE , 2008 .

[21]  Dan M. Frangopol,et al.  Lessons from the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake: Emphasis on life-cycle structural performance , 2012 .

[22]  Kenji Kosa.  DAMAGE ANALYSIS OF BRIDGES AFFECTED BY TSUNAMI DUE TO GREAT EAST JAPAN EARTHQUAKE , 2012 .

[23]  Kazuhiko Kawashima,et al.  DAMAGE OF BRIDGES DUE TO THE 2011 GREAT EAST JAPAN EARTHQUAKE , 2012 .

[24]  Jillian Santo.  LATERAL LOADING ON VERTICAL STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS DUE TO A TSUNAMI BORE , 2010 .

[25]  S. Pope.  Turbulent Flows: FUNDAMENTALS , 2000 .