Three Dimensional Validation of Discrete Element Method (DEM) using a laboratory ball mill

Semi-autogenous and autogenous milling has become an integral component of modern mining operations. They allow large volumes of raw rock feed to be processed efficiently and cost effectively. Current semi-empirical methods for the design of mills are based largely on data obtained from pilot and full scale mills. While these methods are highly successful and currently indispensable, they provide little insight into the mechanics of the charge motion and limited understanding of the fundamental processes that occur within the mill. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is a promising numerical tool for the simulation of the complex dynamic particle motion and interactions within mills. It is envisioned that DEM will eventually be used in conjunction with empirical methods to better optimise the mill design process. Prior to this occurring, however, DEM must be rigorously validated from its most fundamental level upwards. This paper presents such a validation, using three dimensional trajectory data from a pilot mill against which to benchmark DEM