Characterization of pyrolytic products obtained from fast pyrolysis of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)- and alkaline copper quaternary compounds (ACQ)-treated wood biomasses.

In this study, chromated copper arsenate-treated wood (CCA-W) and alkaline copper quaternary compounds-treated wood (ACQ-W) were subjected to fast pyrolysis at 500°C for ca. 2s to produce bio-oil and char. The physicochemical properties of the pyrolytic products as well as the distribution of heavy metals - arsenic, copper and chrome - during fast pyrolysis were investigated. The water content, viscosity, pH and higher heating value (HHV) of bio-oil from CCA-W were 24.8 wt%, 13.5 cSt, 2.1 and 16 MJ/kg, respectively, whereas those of bio-oil from ACQ-W were 27.9 wt%, 16 cSt, 3.0 and 14.1 MJ/kg, respectively. The yields of bio-oil from CCA-W and ACQ-W were 43.3% and 46.6%, respectively, significantly lower than that of control (61.6%). In the pyrolytic products of CCA-W, the concentrations of arsenic, copper and chromium were determined to be 36.4 wt%, 74.0 wt% and 75.4 wt% in char, respectively, 34.5 wt%, 10.3 wt% and 9.0 wt% in bio-oil, respectively, and 29.0 wt%, 15.7 wt% and 15.5 wt% in gas, respectively. In addition, most of the copper appeared in the char (98.8 wt%) and only a trace amount of copper was detected in the bio-oil (0.2 wt%) produced by ACQ-W.

[1]  D. Argyropoulos,et al.  Understanding the pyrolysis of CCA-treated wood: Part I. Effect of metal ions , 2008 .

[2]  Ayhan Demirbas,et al.  The influence of temperature on the yields of compounds existing in bio-oils obtained from biomass samples via pyrolysis , 2007 .

[3]  T. Tolaymat,et al.  Chromium, Copper, and Arsenic Concentrations in Soil Underneath CCA-Treated Wood Structures , 2003 .

[4]  Lieve Helsen,et al.  Review of disposal technologies for chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood waste, with detailed analyses of thermochemical conversion processes. , 2005, Environmental pollution.

[5]  Dietrich Meier,et al.  Norms and standards for fast pyrolysis liquids: 1. Round robin test , 2005 .

[6]  I. Choi,et al.  Characterization of primary thermal degradation features of lignocellulosic biomass after removal of inorganic metals by diverse solvents. , 2011, Bioresource technology.

[7]  K. Olie,et al.  Role of Oxygen in Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/Dibenzofurans from Carbon on Fly Ash. , 1995, Environmental science & technology.

[8]  S. Amartey,et al.  Fungal bioremediation of copper, chromium and boron treated wood as studied by electron paramagnetic resonance , 2004 .

[9]  L. Zou,et al.  The characterisation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emissions from burning of different firewood species in Australia. , 2003, Environmental pollution.

[10]  Ayhan Demirbas,et al.  Biomass to methanol via pyrolysis process , 2001 .

[11]  Eugene Onyekwe Onuorah,et al.  The wood preservative potentials of heartwood extracts of Milicia excelsa and Erythrophleum suaveolens , 2000 .

[12]  Robert L. Smith,et al.  An industry evaluation of the reuse, recycling, and reduction of spent CCA wood products , 1998 .

[13]  A. Demirbas,et al.  Determination of calorific values of bio-chars and pyro-oils from pyrolysis of beech trunkbarks , 2004 .

[14]  Ertan Özen,et al.  Application of extracts from the poisonous plant, Nerium Oleander L., as a wood preservative , 2007 .

[15]  M. Thévenon,et al.  Protein Borates as Non-Toxic, Long-Term, Wide-Spectrum, Ground-Contact Wood Preservatives , 1998 .

[16]  Z. Qi,et al.  Review of biomass pyrolysis oil properties and upgrading research , 2007 .

[17]  Lieve Helsen,et al.  Total recycling of CCA treated wood waste by low-temperature pyrolysis , 1998 .

[18]  David G. Humphrey,et al.  THE CHEMISTRY OF CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE WOOD PRESERVATIVES , 2002 .

[19]  Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski,et al.  Formation of dioxins and furans during combustion of treated wood , 2007 .

[20]  P. Cooper,et al.  Rate and extent of adsorption of ACQ preservative components in wood , 2005 .

[21]  Anthony V. Bridgwater,et al.  Principles and practice of biomass fast pyrolysis processes for liquids , 1999 .

[22]  S. Mullens,et al.  Low-temperature pyrolysis of CCA-treated wood: thermogravimetric analysis , 1999 .

[23]  D. Argyropoulos,et al.  Products and Functional Group Distributions in Pyrolysis Oil of Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA)-Treated Wood, as Elucidated by Gas Chromatography and a Novel 31P NMR-Based Method , 2007 .

[24]  A. Pizzi,et al.  A New Boron Fixation Mechanism for Environment Friendly Wood Preservatives , 1996 .

[25]  B. Gullett,et al.  PCDD/F, PCB, HxCBz, PAH, and PM Emission Factors for Fireplace and Woodstove Combustion in the San Francisco Bay Region. , 2003, Environmental science & technology.

[26]  J. Lester,et al.  Leaching of chromated copper arsenate wood preservatives: a review. , 2001, Environmental pollution.

[27]  Hwanmyeong Yeo,et al.  Comparison of physicochemical features of biooils and biochars produced from various woody biomasses by fast pyrolysis , 2013 .

[28]  Yuji Imamura,et al.  Electron microscopic study on pyrolysis of CCA (chromium, copper and arsenic oxide)-treated wood , 2003 .

[29]  Y. Imamura,et al.  Two possible pathways for the release of arsenic during pyrolysis of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood. , 2004, Journal of hazardous materials.