Novel Lossless Grounded Inductance Simulators Employing only a Single First Generation Current Conveyor

For most electronics circuits, the inductor is not a desirable circuit element. This is attributed to several reasons. Inductors are less standard compared to other passive circuit elements and they must be prepared separately in many applications. The behavior of physical inductors is not sufficiently close to ideal component behavior compared with resistors and capacitors and in terms of spatial dimensions they are larger than the other circuit elements, unless the inductance value is very small. Instead of physical inductor elements, actively simulated inductances have widely been used in many circuits. Actively simulated inductors find application in areas like oscillators and active filter design problems. For this reason, there are many publications on the active simulation of inductances [1-15]. Also many works concentrated on the simulation of floating inductances, which are more general than a grounded inductor [1-6]. Most of the presented op-amp and second generation current conveyor (CCII) based topologies presented up to now realise some of possible inductorresistor-capacitor combinations using the same circuit configuration. The presented grounded inductor simulating topology in reference [1], employs only a single current conveyor, six resistors and one capacitor to obtain six types of inductors that is ideal L, L with a series positive resistance, L with a series negative resistance, L with a parallel positive resistance, L with a parallel negative resistance and the bilinear form. Moreover for each type of inductor all five passive elements are used. Some of them are related with simulation of only series immittance function [8-9]. Several specific circuits for the simulation ofR-L and C-D immittances have been reported in the literature [10-13]. Universal series and parallel immittance simulator topologies employing two FTFNs are presented in a recent work [13]. A general immittance simulator circuit that enable simulation of all possible form of inductors is proposed in reference [14]. The main objective of this paper is to present actively simulated grounded lossless inductors in a simple form that provide further possibilities to the designers in the realisation of analogue signal processing circuits. The first generation current conveyor (CCI) is used as the active element. Some advantages of the first generation current conveyor over CCII is discussed in [16]. For example it is shown that the existence of the internal current feedback from z terminal to the y terminal