Recent inversion procedures for microwave imaging in biomedical, subsurface detection and nondestructive evaluation applications

Abstract Systems for electromagnetic imaging at microwave frequencies are of great interest in many applications ranging from industrial diagnostics to subsurface inspection and medical imaging. The development of efficient inverse-scattering-based procedures represents a critical aspect, due to the difficulties inherent in this nonlinear ill-posed problem. In this paper, some of the recently proposed inversion methods (both nonlinear and linearized) for two-dimensional imaging are reviewed. Concerning industrial imaging, nondestructive evaluation and medical diagnostic, tomographic approaches are presented, whereas for the inspection of buried inhomogeneities, tomographic and borehole-configurations are considered. In particular, deterministic and stochastic approaches are discussed and the most specific features of these approaches are pointed out. Finally, the issue of data collection, which is another key point of microwave imaging system, is briefly addressed, with particular emphasis on approaches based on the modulated scattering technique, which is a promising technique strongly related to electromagnetic scattering concepts.

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