Concise review: Combining human leukocyte antigen G and mesenchymal stem cells for immunosuppressant biotherapy

Both human leukocyte antigen G (HLA‐G) and multipotential mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) exhibit immunomodulatory functions. In allogeneic tranplantation, the risks of acute and chronic rejection are still high despite improvement in immunosuppressive treatments, and the induction of a state of tolerance to alloantigens is not achieved. Immunomodulatory properties of MSCs and HLA‐G in human allogeneic tranplantation to induce tolerance appears attractive and promising. Interestingly, we and others have demonstrated that MSCs can express HLA‐G. In this review, we focus on the expression of HLA‐G by MSCs and discuss how to ensure and improve the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs by selectively targeting MSCs expressing HLA‐G (MSCsHLA‐G+). We also discuss the possible uses of MSCsHLA‐G+ for therapeutic purposes, notably, to overcome acute and chronic immune rejection in solid‐organ allogeneic transplantation in humans. Since MSCs are phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous, it is of primary interest to have specific markers ensuring that they have strong immunosuppressive potential and HLA‐G may be a valuable candidate. Stem Cells 2013;31:2296–2303

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