Electron-beam computed tomography screening for asymptomatic coronary artery disease.

[1]  R. Detrano,et al.  Prognostic value of coronary electron-beam computed tomography for coronary heart disease events in asymptomatic populations. , 2000, The American journal of cardiology.

[2]  Andrew J. Krainik,et al.  Age and gender distributions of coronary artery calcium detected by electron beam tomography in 35,246 adults. , 2001, The American journal of cardiology.

[3]  T. Callister,et al.  Effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on coronary artery disease as assessed by electron-beam computed tomography. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[4]  H. Mabuchi,et al.  Quantification of coronary artery calcification using ultrafast computed tomography: Reproducibility of measurements , 1993, Coronary artery disease.

[5]  D. Levy,et al.  Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. , 1998, Circulation.

[6]  R. Detrano,et al.  Coronary arterial calcification as an active process: A new perspective on an old problem , 1994, Calcified Tissue International.

[7]  W. Edwards,et al.  Diffuse calcification in human coronary arteries. Association of osteopontin with atherosclerosis. , 1994, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[8]  P. Edwards,et al.  Atherosclerosis: basic mechanisms. Oxidation, inflammation, and genetics. , 1995, Circulation.

[9]  S. Kiechl,et al.  The natural course of atherosclerosis. Part I: incidence and progression. , 1999, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[10]  H. Hecht,et al.  Relation of coronary artery calcium identified by electron beam tomography to serum lipoprotein levels and implications for treatment. , 2001, The American journal of cardiology.

[11]  K. Watson,et al.  Mechanism of calcification in atherosclerosis. , 1994, Trends in cardiovascular medicine.

[12]  The 21st century: the age of screening. , 2002, Radiology.

[13]  R. Detrano,et al.  Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. , 1990, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[14]  A. Simon,et al.  Hypertension promotes coronary calcium deposit in asymptomatic men. , 1996, Hypertension.

[15]  D. Rader,et al.  Electron beam computed tomographic coronary calcium scanning: a review and guidelines for use in asymptomatic persons. , 1999, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[16]  C. Mielke,et al.  Reliability of electron beam computed tomography to detect coronary artery calcification. , 1995, American journal of cardiac imaging.

[17]  J. Rumberger,et al.  Use of electron-beam computed tomography in the evaluation of chest pain patients in the emergency department. , 1999, Annals of emergency medicine.

[18]  S. Grundy.  Primary prevention of coronary heart disease: integrating risk assessment with intervention. , 1999, Circulation.

[19]  B. Thompson,et al.  Usefulness of the Framingham risk score and body mass index to predict early coronary artery calcium in young adults (Muscatine Study). , 2001, The American journal of cardiology.

[20]  L. Bielak,et al.  Quantity of coronary artery calcium detected by electron beam computed tomography in asymptomatic subjects and angiographically studied patients. , 1995, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[21]  L. Bielak,et al.  Potential of quantity of coronary artery calcification to identify new risk factors for asymptomatic atherosclerosis. , 1996, American journal of epidemiology.

[22]  M. Proschan,et al.  Coronary artery disease: prediction with in vitro electron beam CT. , 1994, Radiology.

[23]  David Haber,et al.  Guide to clinical preventive services: a challenge to physician resourcefulness , 1993 .

[24]  K. Watson,et al.  Bone morphogenetic protein expression in human atherosclerotic lesions. , 1993, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[25]  G. Diamond,et al.  Does coronary artery screening by electron beam computed tomography motivate potentially beneficial lifestyle behaviors? , 1996, The American journal of cardiology.

[26]  J. Gardin,et al.  Coronary artery calcium evaluation by electron beam computed tomography and its relation to new cardiovascular events. , 2000, The American journal of cardiology.

[27]  D. Altman,et al.  Measuring agreement in method comparison studies , 1999, Statistical methods in medical research.

[28]  M. Bond,et al.  A study of atherosclerosis regression in Macaca mulatta. I. Design of experiment and lesion induction. , 1979, Experimental and molecular pathology.

[29]  R. Detrano,et al.  A logical approach to screening for coronary artery disease. , 1987, Annals of internal medicine.

[30]  R. Ross.  The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s , 1993, Nature.

[31]  P. Sheedy,et al.  Detection of heart calcification with electron beam CT: interobserver and intraobserver reliability for scoring quantification. , 1994, Radiology.

[32]  M. Bell,et al.  Outcome > or = 10 years after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. , 1997, American Journal of Cardiology.

[33]  L. Coupal,et al.  Identifying adults at increased risk of coronary disease. How well do the current cholesterol guidelines work? , 1995, JAMA.

[34]  L. Bielak,et al.  Progression of coronary artery calcification: a pilot study. , 1999, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[35]  C. Sing,et al.  The relationship between risk factor levels and presence of coronary artery calcification is dependent on apolipoprotein E genotype. , 1999, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[36]  J. Beckman,et al.  Relationship of Clinical Presentation and Calcification of Culprit Coronary Artery Stenoses , 2001, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[37]  J. Rumberger,et al.  Coronary calcification by electron beam computed tomography and obstructive coronary artery disease: a model for costs and effectiveness of diagnosis as compared with conventional cardiac testing methods. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[38]  L. Bielak,et al.  Coronary artery calcification measured at electron-beam CT: agreement in dual scan runs and change over time. , 2001, Radiology.

[39]  E. Boerwinkle,et al.  Gender- and age-dependent relationships between the E-selectin S128R polymorphism and coronary artery calcification , 2001, Journal of Molecular Medicine.

[40]  J. Debatin,et al.  Radiation exposure during cardiac CT: effective doses at multi-detector row CT and electron-beam CT. , 2003, Radiology.

[41]  S. Kiechl,et al.  The natural course of atherosclerosis. Part II: vascular remodeling. Bruneck Study Group. , 1999, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[42]  A Crispin,et al.  Coronary artery calcium measurement: agreement of multirow detector and electron beam CT. , 2001, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[43]  K. Radack,et al.  The likelihood ratio. An improved measure for reporting and evaluating diagnostic test results. , 1986, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine.

[44]  J G Goldin,et al.  Interscan variation in coronary artery calcium quantification in a large asymptomatic patient population. , 2000, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[45]  M. Bond,et al.  A study of atherosclerosis regression in Macaca mulatta. IV. Changes in coronary arteries from animals with atherosclerosis induced for 19 months and then regressed for 24 or 48 months at plasma cholesterol concentrations of 300 or 200 mg/dl. , 1981, Experimental and molecular pathology.

[46]  L. Berlin.  Liability of performing CT screening for coronary artery disease and lung cancer. , 2002, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[47]  V. Fuster,et al.  Angiographic progression of coronary artery disease and the development of myocardial infarction. , 1988, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[48]  E. Boerwinkle,et al.  Heritability of Coronary Artery Calcium Quantity Measured by Electron Beam Computed Tomography in Asymptomatic Adults , 2002, Circulation.

[49]  L. Demer.  Vascular calcification and osteoporosis: inflammatory responses to oxidized lipids. , 2002, International journal of epidemiology.

[50]  David H. Blankenhorn,et al.  CORONARY ARTERIAL CALCIFICATION A REVIEW , 1961 .

[51]  A. Nicolaides,et al.  Investigation of chronic venous insufficiency: A consensus statement (France, March 5-9, 1997). , 2000, Circulation.

[52]  H. Mabuchi,et al.  Coronary calcification and coronary atherosclerosis: site by site comparative morphologic study of electron beam computed tomography and coronary angiography. , 1997, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[53]  A. Daoud,et al.  Sequential morphologic studies of regression of advanced atherosclerosis. , 1981, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine.

[54]  Robert Detrano,et al.  Combined Use of Computed Tomography Coronary Calcium Scores and C-Reactive Protein Levels in Predicting Cardiovascular Events in Nondiabetic Individuals , 2002, Circulation.

[55]  S. Rich,et al.  Reproducibility of the measurement of coronary calcium with ultrafast computed tomography. , 1995, The American journal of cardiology.

[56]  J. Rumberger,et al.  Quantification of coronary artery calcium by electron beam computed tomography for determination of severity of angiographic coronary artery disease in younger patients. , 1995, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[57]  C H McCollough,et al.  Small lesions in the heart identified at electron beam CT: calcification or noise? , 1994, Radiology.

[58]  J G Goldin,et al.  Coronary artery calcium: alternate methods for accurate and reproducible quantitation. , 1997, Academic radiology.

[59]  R. Seibel,et al.  Comparison of electron beam computed tomography with intracoronary ultrasound and coronary angiography for detection of coronary atherosclerosis. , 1997, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[60]  J. Rumberger,et al.  Electron beam computed tomographic coronary calcium score cutpoints and severity of associated angiographic lumen stenosis. , 1997, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[61]  C. Zarins,et al.  Compensatory enlargement of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries. , 1987, The New England journal of medicine.

[62]  R. Detrano,et al.  Coronary calcium and atherosclerosis by ultrafast computed tomography in asymptomatic men and women: relation to age and risk factors. , 1994, American heart journal.

[63]  M. Rubenfire,et al.  Electron-beam computed tomography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. , 2001, Archives of internal medicine.

[64]  R H Selzer,et al.  The Role of Carotid Arterial Intima-Media Thickness in Predicting Clinical Coronary Events , 1998, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[65]  Patrick Royston,et al.  Autosomal Genome-Wide Scan for Coronary Artery Calcification Loci in Sibships at High Risk for Hypertension , 2002, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[66]  D. Grönemeyer,et al.  Natural History and Topographic Pattern of Progression of Coronary Calcification in Symptomatic Patients: An Electron-Beam CT Study , 2001, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[67]  T. Callister,et al.  Coronary artery disease: improved reproducibility of calcium scoring with an electron-beam CT volumetric method. , 1998, Radiology.

[68]  W. Janowitz,et al.  Differences in prevalence and extent of coronary artery calcium detected by ultrafast computed tomography in asymptomatic men and women. , 1993, The American journal of cardiology.

[69]  A. Gotto,et al.  Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. , 1998, JAMA.

[70]  J. Mandel,et al.  Screening in Chronic Disease , 1985 .

[71]  Y. Arad,et al.  Prediction of coronary events with electron beam computed tomography. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[72]  J. Rumberger,et al.  Angiographic correlates of "spotty" coronary artery calcium detected by electron-beam computed tomography in patients with normal or near-normal coronary angiograms. , 1998, The American journal of cardiology.

[73]  V F Froelicher,et al.  American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Expert Consensus Document on electron-beam computed tomography for the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[74]  P Royston.  A parametric model for ordinal response data, with application to estimating age-specific reference intervals. , 2000, Biostatistics.

[75]  J. Rumberger,et al.  Probabilistic model for prediction of angiographically defined obstructive coronary artery disease using electron beam computed tomography calcium score strata. , 2000, Circulation.

[76]  K. Matthews,et al.  Coronary and aortic calcification among women 8 years after menopause and their premenopausal risk factors : the healthy women study. , 1999, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[77]  R. Detrano,et al.  Detection of coronary calcification with electron-beam computed tomography: evaluation of interexamination reproducibility and comparison of three image-acquisition protocols. , 1996, American heart journal.

[78]  David L. Hayes,et al.  Mayo Clinic Practice of Cardiology , 1996 .

[79]  V. Fuster,et al.  Coronary artery calcification: pathophysiology, epidemiology, imaging methods, and clinical implications. A statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association. Writing Group. , 1996, Circulation.

[80]  J. Mckenney,et al.  Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II) , 1993, JAMA.

[81]  D. Rader,et al.  Val64Ile Polymorphism in the C-C Chemokine Receptor 2 Is Associated With Reduced Coronary Artery Calcification , 2002, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[82]  C. Ballantyne,et al.  Impact of evidence-based "clinical judgment" on the number of American adults requiring lipid-lowering therapy based on updated NHANES III data. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. , 2000, Archives of internal medicine.

[83]  J. Rumberger,et al.  Coronary artery calcium area by electron-beam computed tomography and coronary atherosclerotic plaque area. A histopathologic correlative study. , 1995, Circulation.

[84]  D. Berman,et al.  Continuous Probabilistic Prediction of Angiographically Significant Coronary Artery Disease Using Electron Beam Tomography , 2002, Circulation.

[85]  S. Schwartz,et al.  Molecular cloning and characterization of 2B7, a rat mRNA which distinguishes smooth muscle cell phenotypes in vitro and is identical to osteopontin (secreted phosphoprotein I, 2aR). , 1991, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[86]  K. Horton,et al.  Prevalence of Significant Noncardiac Findings on Electron-Beam Computed Tomography Coronary Artery Calcium Screening Examinations , 2002, Circulation.

[87]  S M Grundy,et al.  Improving coronary heart disease risk assessment in asymptomatic people: role of traditional risk factors and noninvasive cardiovascular tests. , 2001, Circulation.

[88]  R. Patterson,et al.  Comparison of cost-effectiveness and utility of exercise ECG, single photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and coronary angiography for diagnosis of coronary artery disease. , 1995, Circulation.

[89]  H. C. Stary,et al.  The development of calcium deposits in atherosclerotic lesions and their persistence after lipid regression. , 2001, The American journal of cardiology.

[90]  R H Selzer,et al.  Progression of coronary artery disease predicts clinical coronary events. Long-term follow-up from the Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study. , 1996, Circulation.

[91]  T. Callister,et al.  Identification of patients at increased risk of first unheralded acute myocardial infarction by electron-beam computed tomography. , 2000, Circulation.