Interfacing of biocomputing systems with silicon chips: Enzyme logic gates based on field-effect devices

Abstract Field-effect capacitive EIS (electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor) sensors functionalised with gold nanoparticles have been used for electronic transduction of biochemical signals processed by enzyme-based AND-Reset / OR-Reset logic gates. The developed enzyme logic system produces pH changes as a result of biochemical reactions activated by different combinations of chemical input signals. The pH-induced charge changes of the nanoparticle shells and/or gate-insulator surface of the EIS transducer result in an electronic signal corresponding to the logic output produced by the enzymes. The logic output signals have been read out by means of capacitance-voltage method.