Symmetries in Science II

This book constitutes the proceedings of a symposium entitled Symmetries in Science II. Beginning with a general review of symmetries in physics, fifty-one papers take the reader through the veiled worlds of symmetries and dynamics, time symmetry and measure theory, symmetries and polarization, symmetries in heavy nuclei, and the proton-neutron interaction. Contributors explore symmetry between bosons and fermions and the fermion dynamical symmetry model, nuclear shell model, and collective nuclear structure physics. Other contributions probe squeezed states, squeezed states and quadratic Hamiltonians, symmetry-breaking in biological cells, and observed manifestations of invariance in condensed matter and biological systems. Papers range from a non-equilibrium theory for phase transitions and the expanding universe to the basic concepts of symmetry applications and its consequences.