2016 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Adult.

[1]  Massimo F. Piepoli,et al.  2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice , 2017, International Journal of Behavioral Medicine.

[2]  Sidney C. Smith,et al.  2016 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Role of Non-Statin Therapies for LDL-Cholesterol Lowering in the Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents. , 2016, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[3]  Steven Baker,et al.  Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management of Statin Adverse Effects and Intolerance: Canadian Consensus Working Group Update (2016). , 2016, The Canadian journal of cardiology.

[4]  F. Kronenberg,et al.  Fasting is not routinely required for determination of a lipid profile: clinical and laboratory implications including flagging at desirable concentration cut-points—a joint consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society and European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Med , 2016, Clinical chemistry.

[5]  M. Pencina,et al.  Individualized Statin Benefit for Determining Statin Eligibility in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease , 2016, Circulation.

[6]  S. Yusuf,et al.  Cholesterol Lowering in Intermediate-Risk Persons without Cardiovascular Disease. , 2016, The New England journal of medicine.

[7]  D. Waters,et al.  2013 Cholesterol Guidelines Revisited: Percent LDL Cholesterol Reduction or Attained LDL Cholesterol Level or Both for Prognosis? , 2016, The American journal of medicine.

[8]  A. Keech,et al.  Rationale and design of the Further cardiovascular OUtcomes Research with PCSK9 Inhibition in subjects with Elevated Risk trial. , 2016, American heart journal.

[9]  J. Witztum,et al.  Lipoprotein (a): Coming of Age at Last , 2016, Journal of Lipid Research.

[10]  P. Ridker,et al.  Percent reduction in LDL cholesterol following high-intensity statin therapy: potential implications for guidelines and for the prescription of emerging lipid-lowering agents. , 2016, European heart journal.

[11]  Jennifer G. Robinson,et al.  Nonstatin Low-Density Lipoprotein–Lowering Therapy and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction—Statement From ATVB Council , 2015, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology.

[12]  R. Kronmal,et al.  10-Year Coronary Heart Disease Risk Prediction Using Coronary Artery Calcium and Traditional Risk Factors: Derivation in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) With Validation in the HNR (Heinz Nixdorf Recall) Study and the DHS (Dallas Heart Study). , 2015, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[13]  E. Rimm,et al.  Saturated Fats Compared With Unsaturated Fats and Sources of Carbohydrates in Relation to Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. , 2015, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[14]  Jennifer G. Robinson,et al.  Efficacy and safety of evolocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events. , 2015, The New England journal of medicine.

[15]  Improve-It Investigators Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes , 2015 .

[16]  P. Thompson,et al.  Muscle-related side-effects of statins: from mechanisms to evidence-based solutions , 2015, Current opinion in lipidology.

[17]  Rong-Heng Li,et al.  Statins for Treating Alzheimer's Disease: Truly Ineffective? , 2015, European Neurology.

[18]  E. Lonn,et al.  The new dyslipidemia guidelines: what is the debate? , 2015, The Canadian journal of cardiology.

[19]  T. Anderson New Hope for Lipid-Lowering Beyond Statins: Effect of IMPROVE-IT on Understanding and Implementation of Atherosclerosis Prevention. , 2015, The Canadian journal of cardiology.

[20]  L. Schwingshackl,et al.  Diet quality as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score, and health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. , 2015, Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

[21]  Jennifer G. Robinson,et al.  Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events. , 2015, The New England journal of medicine.

[22]  Barry J. Davis,et al.  Efficacy and safety of LDL-lowering therapy among men and women: meta-analysis of individual data from 174 000 participants in 27 randomised trials , 2015, The Lancet.

[23]  Yu Kataoka,et al.  Impact of statins on serial coronary calcification during atheroma progression and regression. , 2015, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[24]  D. Blacker,et al.  Statins, cognition, and dementia—systematic review and methodological commentary , 2015, Nature Reviews Neurology.

[25]  J. Kastelein,et al.  Association between familial hypercholesterolemia and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. , 2015, JAMA.

[26]  Gang Tang,et al.  Meta-analysis of the association between whole grain intake and coronary heart disease risk. , 2015, The American journal of cardiology.

[27]  Pedro Tauler,et al.  Effectiveness of the Heart Age tool for improving modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in a Southern European population: a randomized trial , 2015, European journal of preventive cardiology.

[28]  Hynek Pikhart,et al.  HMG-coenzyme A reductase inhibition, type 2 diabetes, and bodyweight: evidence from genetic analysis and randomised trials , 2015, The Lancet.

[29]  T. Trikalinos,et al.  Do Statins Impair Cognition? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials , 2015, Journal of General Internal Medicine.

[30]  D. Gaudet,et al.  Canadian Cardiovascular Society position statement on familial hypercholesterolemia. , 2014, The Canadian journal of cardiology.

[31]  M. Etminan,et al.  Statin use and risk for cataract: a nested case-control study of 2 populations in Canada and the United States. , 2014, The Canadian journal of cardiology.

[32]  M. Lunder,et al.  Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation Decreases Statin-Related Mild-to-Moderate Muscle Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Study , 2014, Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research.

[33]  Y. Loke,et al.  Vegetarian diet, Seventh Day Adventists and risk of cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2014, International journal of cardiology.

[34]  S. Bangalore,et al.  Prognostic Value of Fasting Versus Nonfasting Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels on Long-Term Mortality: Insight From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES-III) , 2014, Circulation.

[35]  P. Ridker,et al.  Very low levels of atherogenic lipoproteins and the risk for cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of statin trials. , 2014, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[36]  F. Hu,et al.  Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies , 2014, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[37]  Sarah Parish,et al.  Effects of extended-release niacin with laropiprant in high-risk patients. , 2014, The New England journal of medicine.

[38]  S. Daskalopoulou,et al.  Gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy as vascular risk signals: an overview and grading of the evidence. , 2014, The Canadian journal of cardiology.

[39]  D. Mozaffarian,et al.  Consumption of nuts and legumes and risk of incident ischemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2014, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[40]  Jennifer G. Robinson,et al.  2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines , 2014, Circulation.

[41]  D. Goff,et al.  2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. , 2014, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[42]  T. Brown,et al.  Effect of sustaining lifestyle modifications (nonsmoking, weight reduction, physical activity, and mediterranean diet) after healing of myocardial infarction, percutaneous intervention, or coronary bypass (from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study). , 2014, The American journal of cardiology.

[43]  M. Tonelli,et al.  KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Lipid Management in CKD: summary of recommendation statements and clinical approach to the patient. , 2014, Kidney international.

[44]  V. Perkovic,et al.  HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis , 2014, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[45]  D. Rader,et al.  Statins and Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review†∗ , 2014 .

[46]  Michael J Pencina,et al.  Application of new cholesterol guidelines to a population-based sample. , 2014, The New England journal of medicine.

[47]  J. Danesh,et al.  Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2014, Annals of internal medicine.

[48]  S. Pancholy,et al.  Association of Vitamin D and Incident Statin Induced Myalgia—A Retrospective Cohort Study , 2014, PloS one.

[49]  D. Greenwood,et al.  Dietary fibre intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis , 2013, BMJ.

[50]  A. Gotto,et al.  Benefits of statins in elderly subjects without established cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. , 2013, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[51]  R. Hegele,et al.  Diagnosis, prevention, and management of statin adverse effects and intolerance: Canadian Working Group Consensus update. , 2013, The Canadian journal of cardiology.

[52]  M. Blaha,et al.  Statins and cognition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of short- and long-term cognitive effects. , 2013, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[53]  Yong Xu,et al.  Association of statin use with risk of dementia: A meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies , 2013, Geriatrics & gerontology international.

[54]  Dolores Corella,et al.  Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet. , 2013, The New England journal of medicine.

[55]  D. Boudreau,et al.  Statins in the prevention of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: A meta‐analysis of observational studies and an assessment of confounding , 2013, Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety.

[56]  John M. Davis,et al.  Use of dietary linoleic acid for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and death: evaluation of recovered data from the Sydney Diet Heart Study and updated meta-analysis , 2013, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[57]  P. Dworatzek,et al.  Food and dietary pattern-based recommendations: an emerging approach to clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy in diabetes. , 2013, Canadian journal of diabetes.

[58]  C. Naugler,et al.  Fasting time and lipid levels in a community-based population: a cross-sectional study. , 2012, Archives of internal medicine.

[59]  J. Beyene,et al.  Associations of Glycemic Index and Load With Coronary Heart Disease Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohorts , 2012, Journal of the American Heart Association.

[60]  D. Goff,et al.  Comparison of novel risk markers for improvement in cardiovascular risk assessment in intermediate-risk individuals. , 2012, JAMA.

[61]  R. Collins,et al.  The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials , 2012, The Lancet.

[62]  S. Yusuf,et al.  n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with dysglycemia. , 2012, The New England journal of medicine.

[63]  J. De Sutter,et al.  2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice , 2012, European journal of preventive cardiology.

[64]  Stacey L. Sheridan,et al.  Use of global coronary heart disease risk assessment in practice: a cross-sectional survey of a sample of U.S. physicians , 2012, BMC Health Services Research.

[65]  B. Chaitman,et al.  Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy. , 2011, The New England journal of medicine.

[66]  Xifeng Wu,et al.  Minimum amount of physical activity for reduced mortality and extended life expectancy: a prospective cohort study , 2011, The Lancet.

[67]  R. Hegele,et al.  Diagnosis, prevention, and management of statin adverse effects and intolerance: proceedings of a Canadian Working Group Consensus Conference. , 2011, The Canadian journal of cardiology.

[68]  Lawrence A Leiter,et al.  Effect of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods given at 2 levels of intensity of dietary advice on serum lipids in hyperlipidemia: a randomized controlled trial. , 2011, JAMA.

[69]  P. Kolh,et al.  ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). , 2011, European heart journal.

[70]  M. Landray,et al.  The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): a randomised placebo-controlled trial , 2011, The Lancet.

[71]  Rowena J Dolor,et al.  Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women--2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association. , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[72]  V. Pinn,et al.  Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women--2011 update: a guideline from the american heart association. , 2011, Circulation.

[73]  D. Brouillard,et al.  The effect of the change in the Framingham Risk Score calculator between the 2006 and 2009 Canadian lipid guidelines. , 2011, The Canadian journal of cardiology.

[74]  Mary Duggan,et al.  New Canadian physical activity guidelines. , 2011, Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme.

[75]  J. Min,et al.  ACCF/SCCT/ACR/AHA/ASE/ASNC/NASCI/SCAI/SCMR 2010 Appropriate Use Criteria for Cardiac Computed Tomography. A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, the American College of Radiology, the American , 2010, Journal of cardiovascular computed tomography.

[76]  J. Borén,et al.  Lipoprotein(a) as a cardiovascular risk factor: current status , 2010, European heart journal.

[77]  Willem van Mechelen,et al.  Evaluation of a cardiovascular disease risk assessment tool for the promotion of healthier lifestyles , 2010, European journal of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation : official journal of the European Society of Cardiology, Working Groups on Epidemiology & Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology.

[78]  B. Cohn,et al.  Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease Death: Prospective Evidence From the Child Health and Development Studies Cohort , 2010, Hypertension.

[79]  P. Passmore,et al.  Statins for the treatment of dementia , 2010, Alzheimer's & Dementia.

[80]  C. Dethlefsen,et al.  Intake of carbohydrates compared with intake of saturated fatty acids and risk of myocardial infarction: importance of the glycemic index. , 2010, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[81]  John B Buse,et al.  Effects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. , 2010, The New England journal of medicine.

[82]  Anthony J Viera,et al.  The effect of giving global coronary risk information to adults: a systematic review. , 2010, Archives of internal medicine.

[83]  J. Danesh,et al.  Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease. , 2009, JAMA.

[84]  I. Graham,et al.  Value and limitations of existing scores for the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a review for clinicians. , 2009, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[85]  G. Eslick,et al.  Benefits of fish oil supplementation in hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2009, International journal of cardiology.

[86]  J. Danesh,et al.  Lipoprotein(a) concentration and the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and nonvascular mortality. , 2009, JAMA.

[87]  Børge G Nordestgaard,et al.  Genetically elevated lipoprotein(a) and increased risk of myocardial infarction. , 2009, JAMA.

[88]  P. Libby,et al.  Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. , 2008, The New England journal of medicine.

[89]  B. Nordestgaard,et al.  Nonfasting triglycerides and risk of ischemic stroke in the general population. , 2008, JAMA.

[90]  B. Nordestgaard,et al.  Fasting and Nonfasting Lipid Levels: Influence of Normal Food Intake on Lipids, Lipoproteins, Apolipoproteins, and Cardiovascular Risk Prediction , 2008, Circulation.

[91]  B. Nordestgaard,et al.  NON-FASTING TRIGLYCERIDES AND RISK OF ISCHEMIC STROKE IN THE GENERAL POPULATION , 2008 .

[92]  J. Nunnelee Review of an article: nonfasting triglycerides and risk of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease and death in men and women. Nordestgaard B, Benn M, Schnohr P, Tybjaerg-Hansen A. JAMA 2007;298:299-308. , 2008, Journal of vascular nursing : official publication of the Society for Peripheral Vascular Nursing.

[93]  M. Pencina,et al.  General Cardiovascular Risk Profile for Use in Primary Care: The Framingham Heart Study , 2008, Circulation.

[94]  Yikyung Park,et al.  Physical activity recommendations and decreased risk of mortality. , 2007, Archives of internal medicine.

[95]  Lawrence Joseph,et al.  Patient knowledge of coronary risk profile improves the effectiveness of dyslipidemia therapy: the CHECK-UP study: a randomized controlled trial. , 2007, Archives of internal medicine.

[96]  Rod Jackson,et al.  Prediction is difficult, particularly about the future. , 2007, Archives of internal medicine.

[97]  P. Ridker,et al.  Fasting compared with nonfasting triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular events in women. , 2007, JAMA.

[98]  Y. Ohashi,et al.  Effect of aerobic exercise training on serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a meta-analysis. , 2007, Archives of internal medicine.

[99]  L. Coupal,et al.  Preventing cardiovascular disease among Canadians: what are the potential benefits of treating hypertension or dyslipidemia? , 2007, The Canadian journal of cardiology.

[100]  E. Rimm,et al.  Healthy Lifestyle Factors in the Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Among Men: Benefits Among Users and Nonusers of Lipid-Lowering and Antihypertensive Medications , 2006, Circulation.

[101]  Lawrence Joseph,et al.  The role of global risk assessment in hypertension therapy. , 2006, The Canadian journal of cardiology.

[102]  D. Warburton,et al.  Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence , 2006, Canadian Medical Association Journal.

[103]  R. D'Agostino,et al.  Increased Small Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Number: A Prominent Feature of the Metabolic Syndrome in the Framingham Heart Study , 2005, Circulation.

[104]  P Glasziou,et al.  Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial , 2005, The Lancet.

[105]  M. Schull,et al.  Cardiovascular health after maternal placental syndromes (CHAMPS): population-based retrospective cohort study , 2005, The Lancet.

[106]  S. Yusuf,et al.  Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study , 2004, The Lancet.

[107]  A. Mokdad,et al.  The distribution of 10-Year risk for coronary heart disease among US adults: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. , 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[108]  Ralph B D'Agostino,et al.  Risk of complications of pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes: nationwide prospective study in the Netherlands , 2004, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[109]  P. Macfarlane,et al.  Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial , 2002, The Lancet.

[110]  AndrewJ. S. Coats MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20 536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebocontrolled trial , 2002, The Lancet.

[111]  K M Kessler,et al.  Primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women through diet and lifestyle. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[112]  P. Kris-Etherton,et al.  Effects of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Step I and Step II dietary intervention programs on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a meta-analysis. , 1999, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[113]  A. Gotto,et al.  Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. , 1998, JAMA.

[114]  L. Coupal,et al.  Estimating the benefits of modifying risk factors of cardiovascular disease: a comparison of primary vs secondary prevention. , 1998, Archives of internal medicine.

[115]  P. Macfarlane,et al.  Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia , 1995 .

[116]  J. Ordovás,et al.  Postprandial plasma lipoprotein changes in human subjects of different ages. , 1988, Journal of lipid research.

[117]  C. E. Becker The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results. I. Reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease. , 1984, JAMA.

[118]  A. Sahebkar,et al.  Effects of coenzyme Q10 on statin-induced myopathy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. , 2015, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[119]  Cholesterol Treatment Trialists Effi cacy and safety of LDL-lowering therapy among men and women: meta-analysis of individual data from 174 000 participants in 27 randomised trials , 2015 .

[120]  R. Califf,et al.  Ezetimibe Added to Statin Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndromes. , 2015, The New England journal of medicine.

[121]  G. Francis,et al.  Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyslipidemia for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Adult , 2013 .

[122]  P. P. Toth Niacin in Patients with Low HDL Cholesterol Levels Receiving Intensive Statin Therapy , 2012 .

[123]  Narendra Singh,et al.  Perceptions of Canadian primary care physicians towards cardiovascular risk assessment and lipid management. , 2012, The Canadian journal of cardiology.

[124]  M. Taskinen,et al.  ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). , 2011, Atherosclerosis.

[125]  Alan S. Brown,et al.  ACCF/SCCT/ACR/AHA/ASE/ASNC/NASCI/SCAI/SCMR 2010 appropriate use criteria for cardiac computed tomography. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, the American College of Radiology, the American , 2010, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[126]  J. Stockman Cardiovascular Health After Maternal Placental Syndromes (CHAMPS): Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study , 2007 .

[127]  Shah Ebrahim,et al.  European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice , 2004 .

[128]  S. Yusuf MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Commentary , 2002 .

[129]  S. Ebrahim,et al.  Multiple risk factor interventions for primary prevention of coronary heart disease. , 2000, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[130]  J. S. Shapiro Primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women through diet and lifestyle. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[131]  P. Macfarlane,et al.  Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. , 1995, The New England journal of medicine.

[132]  S. Yusuf,et al.  Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study , 2022 .