Integrative Functions of the Nervous System

The cerebral cortex is a thin, much-folded layer of neuronal tissue, the surface area of which is about 2200 cm2 (corresponding to a square measuring 47cm × 47cm). Its thickness varies in different parts of the cerebrum, between 1.3 and 4.5 mm. Its volume is 600 cm3. It is composed of 10 9 to 10 10 neurons plus a large but unknown number of glial cells [5, 6, 18, 44]. Within the cortex, layers in which cell bodies predominate alternate with others made up chiefly of axons, so that the freshly cut cortex has a striated appearance. In the typical cortex 6 layers can be distinguished on the basis of the shape and arrangement of the cells; some of the layers can be subdivided into two or more sublayers (Figs. 7-1,7-3).

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